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I摘要输液装置是医疗器械中一种被广泛使用且非常重要的一次性消耗器材，在传统的输液过程中，通常是由人工设置输液点滴的速度，也是依靠人工来监测输液瓶中液位高度等输液的状态。这种人工的方式既费时费工，也存在着非常大的安全隐患，因而设计一种数字式医用输液状态光电检测及点滴速度监控装置就有着非常迫切的现实意义。就数字式医用输液状态光电检测及点滴速度监控装置的问题而言，整个装置通过采用AT89S52单片机主控模块，行列按键及对射式光电传感器的输入模块，以及控制储液瓶移动的步进电机驱动单元和LCD显示单元及光电报警单元一同构成的输出模块，三个模块相结合的方案。采取硬件设计与软件设计及模拟仿真的方法。硬件电路设计采用对射式光电传感器红外检测采集液滴数据，以及检测储液瓶内剩余液量并报警。通过键盘输入控制设置点滴速度，步进式电动机控制吊瓶移动改变点滴滴速，单片机驱动电机控制药液的滴速滴注，由LCD显示检测滴速值。软件系统设计主要包括单片机主控程序、点滴速度测量程序、电机控制程序、LCD显示程序、报警程序以及输入键盘程序几大部分的设计。在模拟仿真方面，运用Proteus和Keil软件进行了软件仿真设计，更具科学性可将理论运用于医疗实际,将更有助于临床的实际应用。关键词：点滴监控；光电传感器；AT89S52单片机；步进电机IIABSTRACTWiththedevelopmentandapplicationofinformationtechnologyandmicroelectronicstechnology,inmedicalandhealthfieldaconcomitantinformationrevolutionisunderway.Inmedicalandhealthfield,accordingtotheneedsoftheinfusionflowcontrol,thispaperpresentsakindofcontroldevicebasedonsingle-chiptechnologyofliquiddroppingspeedmonitoringscheme.Thedeviceismainlyinordertoovercomethemanualmonitoringliquidlevelandliquidflow,theconsumptionofenergyistoolarge,theefficiencyistoolow,thedisadvantages,thedeviceintheoryandpracticalapplicationhasimportantvalue,andtothefieldofmedicalhealthismoreimportant.Onproblemsofdigitalmedicaltransfusionstatusofphotoelectricdetectionanddropspeedmonitoringdevice,throughtheuseofitscoreisAT89C51microcontroller,isbasedontheinputcompositionandthereflectivephotoelectricsensorinthematrixkeyboardkeyssystem.Theoutputisinintelligentcontrolbottlemovingsteppermotor,LEDdigitaltubeandbeesoundalarmcircuitcomposedof.Takethehardwaredesignandthesoftwaredesignandsimulation,isusedinhardwarecircuitofinfraredreflectivephotoelectricsensordetectioncollectingdropletdata,anddetectionoftheliquidstoragebottleresidualliquidandalarm.Throughthekeyboardinputcontrolsetofdroppingspeed,stepmotorcontrolthebottlemovetochangeforcontroltheDripdripspeedMCUdrivegearmotordrivesthespiralpressingmechanismcontrolliquiddripinfusion,andLEDdigitaltubedisplaydrippingspeedofdetectionvalue.SystemsoftwaremainlyincludesMCUcontrolprocedures,Disudetectionprocedures,drippingspeeddisplayprogram,drippingspeedcontrolprocedures,alarmprogramismadeupofthefollowingparts.Inthesimulation,theuseofProteusandkeilsoftwaresimulationsoftwaredesign,morescientificthetheoryisappliedintheactualmedicalfurtherexpansion,inordertomakeitmoreintelligent,automation,theabove,hypogynousmachine(Master/slave)wayintodigitalmedicalinfusionmonitornetwork.Willbemorehelpfultotheclinicalapplication.Keywords:spotmonitoring;photoelectricsensor;AT89S52MCU;steppingmotorIII目录1绪论······························11.1课题背景·························11.2课题意义·························12总体方案设计··························32.1技术要求·························32.2系统总体框图·······················32.3系统方案论证与比较····················42.3.1控制方案的比较与选取·················42.3.2点滴速度检测方案的比较与选取·············52.3.3液位监测与报警方案比较与选取·············62.3.4点滴速度控制方案的比较与选取·············62.3.5电机的比较与选择···················72.3.6滴速与键盘显示方案的选取···············73系统的硬件设计·························93.1AT89S52单片机最小系统···················93.1.1中央处理单元·····················93.1.2振荡电路·······················103.1.3复位单元电路·····················103.2点滴信号处理单元·····················113.2.1点滴信号检测单元···················113.2.2点滴信号的比较、滤波、整形单元············123.3液位检测单元·······················123.4声光报警单元························133.5步进电机驱动单元·····················143.6键盘单元··························153.7LCD显示单元························164系统的程序设计·························174.1主控程序设计························174.2点滴速度测量程序设计····················18IV4.3电机控制程序设计······················204.3.1电机控制原理·····················204.3.2点滴速度控制程序设计·················214.4报警模块程序设计······················234.5输入键盘模块程序设计···················234.6LCD显示模块程序设计····················275系统仿真····························285.1程序编译·························285.2仿真结果·························305.2.1点滴速度检测仿真···················305.2.2点滴速度控制仿真···················326总结及展望···························346.1总结···························346.2展望···························346.3心得体会·························35致谢·····················错误!未定义书签。参考文献·····························36附录程序清单··························3711绪论1.1课题背景点滴是医学上经常使用的治疗方法。在病人点滴的过程中，时常因为病人身体状态差或者护理人员工作繁忙而无法关注到点滴的全过程，进而要专门请人监视护理，增加了医护人员的工作负担，也不便于病房管理。当输完药液后，如果不及时进行相应的处理，病人的血液就会因输液空管受到外界大气压而使其倒吸入输液管中，如果这样时间过长会使扎针处血管肿胀，或者造成血液体外感染。若处理过早，那么医用液体还没有完全输完就摘输液瓶取输液针管，就会造成药品的浪费。因而时常会使病人有不好的情绪，情节严重的还会投诉，医护人员对此又无可奈何。本课题就是针对于以上问题，通过采用声光报警监控的方式方法，达到医院输液情况的实时有效监测的目的，并通过单片机与LCD显示器来实现点滴速度数据的及时显示和存储的要求，以及完成在危急状况下的报警任务。课题很大程度上推动了医院现代化，信息化的进程。1.2课题意义在点滴速度监控装置系统中，点滴信号提取是点滴速度监控装置中不可或缺的一步。点滴信号自动化采集和有效便捷的传送也是信号处理的必要过程，医疗人员经常需要检测和掌控液体的储存量或液位，如人工肾机的透析储液瓶里面的剩余药液储存量、自动化洗胃机器中用来冲洗胃部的液体储液量、中医用到的药品沐浴机器中煎药锅中的液位、静脉注射输液液体量检测等等。假如对于仪器或机器中液体储存量缺少监测，那么在液体储存量，不加控制情况下，很大可能会给病患带来人身伤害，情况更严重的会危及其生命。所以通过对这些液体储存量的监控与了解，医护人员便可以随时发现液体剩余量，就可以在存储瓶中剩余液体缺少时，及时自动或者进行人工添加或者采取其他有效措施，以及时保持医疗设施的安全有效持久的运行。因此，怎样更好更快地对医疗液位进行全方位监测，长久以来是医学工程人员思考较多的课题之一。而在医学中，一直采用穿刺静脉的办法将药液直接从静脉注入身体内部，这种点滴方法称为静脉式点滴输液。可是一直以来没有快捷并高效的监控装置，对已输液量或剩余液量等的监控，从而需要专人护理，加重了护理人员的工作负担，也不便于病房的综合集中化管理。所以我们设计点滴速度监控装置，该装置监控输液点滴数，当储液瓶中剩余量低于预