第1页宾语从句第2页•【名题实战】•1.—Couldyoutellme__B__inyourhometowninwinter?•—Sure.(2013,鄂州)•A.whetherdoesitoftensnow•B.whetheritoftensnows•C.ifitoftensnow•D.ifdoesitsnow•2.—Didtheradiosay__B__?•—Yes,fromHunan.(2013,重庆)•A.howthebadricecame•B.wherethebadricecamefrom•C.howdidthebadricecomefrom•D.wheredidthebadricecomefrom•3.—Couldyoutellme__D__?•—Atnineo'clock,intenminutes.(2013,襄阳)•A.howwillheleaveB.whenhehasleft•C.whyheisleavingD.whenhewillleave第3页•4.Idon'tremember__A__thebookyesterday.(2013,北京)•A.whereIputB.wheredidIput•C.wherewillIputD.whereIwillput•5.—Hey!Mike,guess__B__formycomingvacation.•—ToHainanIsland?Youalwayslikesomewhereinteresting.(2013,台州)•A.whenIwilltakeB.whereI'mgoing•C.whenIwillleaveD.whoI'mgoingwith•【考点梳理】•中考对宾语从句考查的重点是引导词、时态和语序。第4页•高频考向一宾语从句的引导词•①宾语从句是陈述句,引导词用that,在口语中that可以省略。如:•Webelieve(that)heishonest.我们相信他是诚实的。•②如果宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来,其引导词用if或whether。一般情况下,二者可以通用,但从句中有ornot或从句充当介词的宾语时,只能用whether。如:•Idon'tknowif/whethershewillcomehere.我不知道是否她将来这儿。•Sorry,Idon'tknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.对不起,我不知道他是否会来。•③宾语从句是特殊疑问句时,引导词就是特殊疑问词。如:•Couldyoutellmewherethepostofficeis?你能告诉我邮局在哪里吗?•Theteacheraskedthestudentswhattheyweredoing.老师问这些学生正在做什么。•【例1】Couldyousayitagain?Ican'tunderstand________youaretalkingabout.(2013,广州)•A.howB.whenC.whatD.which第5页•解析:how和when在宾语从句中作状语,而此处宾语从句的引导词在宾语从句中作talkabout的宾语,故排除A、B两项;what“什么”,which“哪一个”,由句意“我无法理解你正在谈论什么”可知应用what。•答案:__C__•【例2】—Couldyoutellme________hecamehere?•—Hedroveherehimself.(2012,安徽)•A.howB.whyC.whenD.whether•解析:本题考查宾语从句的引导词。how“怎样”,why“为什么”;when“什么时候”;whether“是否”。由答语“他是自己开车来这儿的”知问句为“你能告诉我他是怎样来这儿的吗?”。第6页•答案:__A__•高频考向二宾语从句的时态•宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态是由主句中谓语动词的时态来决定的,一般有下面几种情况:•①主句的时态为一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时,从句的谓语动词的时态要根据具体的情况用相应的任何时态。如:•HesayshewillaskMr.HutogiveJimsomework.他说他将叫胡先生给吉姆一些工作。•②主句的时态为过去的某种时态时,从句的谓语动词的时态要用相应的某一过去的时态。如:•Shesaidshemissedusverymuch.她说她非常想念我们。•③从句表示的是客观真理、普遍真理、自然现象时,从句的时态一律使用一般现在时。如:•Hesaidthatthesunisbiggerthantheearth.他说太阳比地球大。•【例3】Theofficialsaidthatthey________anewlawtoprotectthetouriststhenextyear.(2013,上海)•A.makesB.wouldmake•C.madeD.havemade第7页•解析:主句的谓语动词said是过去式,因此从句也应用过去的某种时态,由时间状语thenextyear可知应用过去将来时。•答案:__B__•【例4】—Canyoutellme________theprize,Tom?•—Lastyear.•A.whenyougotB.whendidyouget•C.whenwillyougetD.whenyouwillget•解析:宾语从句的语序须是陈述句语序,排除B、C项;由答句lastyear可知从句的时态为一般过去时。•答案:__A__•高频考向三宾语从句的语序•❶含有宾语从句的复合句中,宾语从句要使用陈述语序,即“引导词+主语+谓语+其他”。如:第8页•Iwanttoknowwhenthetrainleft.我想知道火车什么时候离开的。•注意:①有些特殊疑问句本身是陈述句语序。如:•What'swrongwith…?/Whichisthewayto…?•/Whathappenedtoyou…?•/What'sthematter/trouble…?•/Whostudiesthehardestinyourclass?•②doyouthink后接宾语从句时,特殊疑问词即引导词要前置,doyouthink作为插入语。如:•Whodoyouthinkheistalkingwith?你认为他正在和谁交谈?•❷由do,does,did构成的疑问句,在转换成宾语从句时,要去掉do,does,did,且从句中的谓语动词要根据主句时态作出相应的变化。如:•Doeshesingwell?Themusicteacheraskedhim.•→Themusicteacheraskedhimif(whether)hesangwell.这个音乐老师想知道他唱得是否好。•❸如果是will,be,have,can组成的疑问句,在变为宾语从句时,要把这些词还原到句中原来的谓语位置上,并根据主句的时态作相应的变化。如:第9页•Willyoubefreetomorrow?Sheaskedme.•→Sheaskedmeif(whether)Iwouldbefreetomorrow.她问我明天是否是空闲的。•【例5】—Hi,Bruce.Hereisaletterforyou.•—Thanks.Iwonder________.(2013,滨州)(2012,武汉)•A.whotheletterwasfrom•B.whowasfromtheletter•C.whowastheletterfrom•D.whofromtheletterwas•解析:宾语从句应用陈述语序,即be动词、助动词和情态动词都应放在主语后,在此宾语从句中,主语是theletter,谓语wasfrom应放在主语后,故排除选项B和C;选项D将from置于主语前,是错误的。句意“嗨,布鲁斯。这儿有你的一封信”“谢谢。我想知道这封信是谁寄来的。”•答案:__A__第10页•【例6】—Canyoutellme________thismorning?•—Sorry,I'venoidea.(2012,桂林)•A.whydidn'tDamingcometoschool•B.whyDamingdidn'tcometoschool•C.whydoesn'tDamingcometoschool•D.whyDamingdoesn'tcometoschool•解析:由thismorning可知事情发生在过去,故排除C、D两项;宾语从句应用陈述句语序。•答案:__B__•高频考向四宾语从句的否定前移•在宾语从句中,当主句的谓语动词为think,believe,expect,imagine,suppose等时,如果主句为I或we时,从句中表示否定意义的not应移到think,believe,expect,imagine,suppose等前。如:第11页•Idon'tsupposehewillcome.我猜他不会来。•注意:如果主句主语不是I或we,则not不前移。如:•Shethinksshecan'tarrivethereontime.她认为她不能按时到那儿。•【例7】翻译:我认为明天不会下雨。•I__don't__think__it__will__rain__tomorrow.•高频考向五宾语从句的转化•①当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且谓语动词是hope,wish,decide等时,从句可转化为不定式结构。如:•IhopethatIcanseeyouagain.•=Ihopetoseeyouagain.我希望能再次见到你。第12页•②当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn等时,从句可转化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如:•Idon'tknowwhatIshouldsay.•=Idon'tknowwhattosay.我不知道该说什么。•③当主句的谓语动词是ask,tell,show,teach等,且宾语从句的主语和主句的间接宾语一致时,从句可转化为“不定式结构”或“疑问词+不定式”结构。如:•Mr.Hutellsusthatweshouldn'tdrawonthewall.•=Mr.Hutellsusnottodrawonthewall.胡老师告诉我们不应该在墙上画画。•WillyoupleasetellmewhereIcanbuystamps?•=Willyoupleasetellmewheretobuystamps?请告诉我在哪儿能买到邮票?第13页•④有些宾语从句可转化为复合宾语结构,常用动词find,think,make。如:•Ithinkitisnecessaryforustolearntowait.•=Ithinkitnecessaryforustolearntowait.•Ifindsheisagoodgirl.=Ifindheragoodgirl.•⑤由what引导的宾语从句可转化为定语从句。如:•Wedidwhatwecouldtohelpyou.•=Wedideverything(that)wecouldtohelpyou.•RobertsawwhatMr.Smithdid.第14页•=Robertsaweverything(that)Mr.Smithdid.•【例8】将下列句子改为简单句。•Theteachertoldtheboyheshouldn'tspendtoomuchtimeplayinggames.(2012,随州)•解析:主句的谓语动词是tell,宾语从句的主语是主句的间接宾语,故从句可简化为不定式结构:tellsb.nottodosth.。•答案:The__teacher__told__the__boy__not__to__spend__too__much__time__playing__games.