海上风电并网与输送方案比较-王锡凡

3431Vol.34No.31Nov.5,20142014115ProceedingsoftheCSEE©2014Chin.Soc.forElec.Eng.5459DOI10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.2014.31.0010258-8013(2014)31-5459-08TM71(710049)IntegrationTechniquesandTransmissionSchemesforOff-shoreWindFarmsWANGXifan,WEIXiaohui,NINGLianhui,WANGXiuli(SchoolofElectricalEngineering,Xi’anJiaotongUniversity,Xi’an710049,ShaanxiProvince,China)ABSTRACT:Windpowergenerationisoneofthemostmatureandthescaleofthedevelopmentofnewenergygenerationtechnology.Integratinglarge-scaleandlong-distanceoffshorewindpowerintotheonshoreutilitynetworkisthefuturedevelopmenttrendofwindpower.Threetypesofintegrationtechniquesforoff-shorewindfarmswereintroduced,whichincludehighvoltagealternatingcurrent(HVAC),highvoltagedirectcurrent(HVDC)andfractionalfrequencytransmissionsystem(FFTS).HVACoffshorewindpowersystemisgenerallysuitableforsmall-scaleandshort-distanceoffshorewindfarm,andHVDCandFFTSissuitableforlarge-scaleremoteoffshorewindfarm.TheFFTSwindpowersystemisakindofindependentintellectualpropertyrightsofindigenoustechnology,anditisakindofoffshorewindpowerschemewhichhasadvantageandcompetitivenessinthecurrenttechnicalandeconomicconditions.SpecialattentionispaidtoFFTSbecauseitisarelativenewapproachandhasagreatpotentialforintegratingoffshorewindpower.Theirtechnicalandeconomicalpropertieswerediscussedindetail.Thispaperexplainedfeaturesandrequirementsofthisissueandexploredthreetechniquesforfurtherfeasibilitystudy.KEYWORDS:offshorewindpower;highvoltagealternatingcurrent(HVAC);highvoltagedirectcurrent(HVDC);fractionalfrequencytransmissionsystem(FFTS);feasibilitystudy3(highvoltagedirectcurrentHVDC)HVDC(51307136)ProjectSupportedbyNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(51307136).30[1][2]2015300kW20201500kW20303000kW202020%205050%630MW[3]546034[4][5]2012800MW280MW1/3[6]3[7](highvoltagealternatingcurrentHVAC)(highvoltagedirectcurrentHVDC)(fractionalfrequencytransmissionsystemFFTS)HVACHVDCFFTSHVACHVDC31HVACHVAC[1,8]1220kV50HzGG1HVACFig.1HVACtopologyforoffshorewindpowerHVAC[7]HVAC380kV25016151051Hz140437465630128014945km80%501610Hz90270440km2/km/GW0.000.51.01.510020040030050014043746550Hz16Hz15Hz10Hz5Hz1Hz80%90%100%2Fig.2Maximumtransferableactivepowerofcableasafunctionoflengthandfrequency200MW100kmHVAC[9]HVAC1232HVDC2.1LCC-HVDCHVDC315461(linecommutatedconverterLCC)HVDC(voltagesourceconverterVSC)HVDCLCC-HVDC[10]3LCC-HVDC500kV1200MW[9]GG500kV3LCC-HVDCFig.3LCC-HVDCoffshorewindpowertopologyLCC-HVDC[1]123504LCC-HVDC[11-12]12342.2VSC-HVDC[8,13-14]4(singleinputsingleoutSISO)2VSC-HVDC[2]GG200kV4VSC-HVDCFig.4VSC-HVDCoffshorewindpowertopology[15](modularmultilevelconverterMMC)[16]MMCVSC-HVDC[2]VSC-HVDC[17]VSCHVDCVSC[13]91015.9306080150160200kVVSC-HVDC200kV/400MW[18]HelWin1250kV/576MWBorWin2300kV/800MWDolWin1320kV/800MW320kV/1000MW[13,19][11-12]123451254623434[19](hybridHVDCHHVDC)LCCVSC2.3HVDC(multi-terminaldirectcurrentMTDC)[20]33MTDC[11]MTDCMTDC[21-22]5[11][19]MTDC[11]LCC-MTDCVSC-MTDCMTDCLCC-MTDCMTDCLCC[21]5DC/DC[20]MTDC[22](a)ACDCDCACACDCDCAC(b)ACDCDCACACDCDCACDCAC(c)DCACDCACDCAC(d)ACDCDCACACDCDCAC5Fig.5Connectiondiagramofmulti-terminalHVDCVSCLCCVSC(hybridmulti-terminalHVDCHMTDC)VSC[22]33.1(50Hz50/3Hz)FFTSFFTS[23][24]FFTSFFTS6[25]12[26]FFTSFFTSFFTS315463LCCVSC[27-28]12350Hz[23]453.2FFTSFFTS[27-28]6FFTSGG220kV50/3HzAC/AC6Fig.6Fractionalfrequencywindpowersystem[29-32](lowfrequencyalternatingcurrentLFAC)FFTSFFTS[30]LFAC12LFACIGBT[31][33]LFACVSC-HVDCLFACVSC-HVDCLFACFFTSFFTS3.3HVACFFTSHVDC[34]750kmHVACHVDC50kmHVACHVDCFFTS30~150kmHVDCFFTS546434/km150503050kmHVACHVDCFFTS73Fig.7TheinvestmentcostcomparisonofthethreetransmissionsystemsFFTS[35]FFTS1FFTS16.7Hz23SF64FFTS41HVACVSC-HVDC1.6%LCC-HVDC0.7%FFTSHVDC[34]VSC-HVDCLCC-HVDC2HVDCDC/DC[18]3LCC-HVDCVSC-HVDCVSC-HVDCDC/DCVSC-HVDCHVACHVDCFFTS34LCC-HVDCVSC-HVDCHVDC5[1][J]2012(26)56-61ZhouHonglinKuangMingweiWuJiandongReviewon315465thehigh-voltageDCtransmissiontechnologyfordoubly-fedinductiongenerator-basedwindfarms[J]DongFangElectricalReview2012(26)56-61(inChinese)[2]VSC-HVDC[J]201228(10)63-68YangFangZhangYibinGeXuboetalTechnicalanalysisofVSC-HVDCinGermany’offshorewindpower[J]PowerSystemandCleanEnergy201228(10)63-68(inChinese)[3]VSC-HVDC[J]201126(7)51-59FuXiaofanZhouKeliangChengMingSynergydeadbeatcontrolschemeformulti-terminalVSC-HVDCsystemsforgridconnectionofoffshorewindfarms[J]TransactionsofChinaElectrotechnicalSociety201126(7)51-59(inChinese)[4][J]2012(7)1-4ZhangZheStudyonpowertransmissiontechnologyforoffshorewindfarm[J]JiangsuElectricalApparatus2012(7)1-4(inChinese)[5][D]2011PengXiyunResearchofWindpowersystemcontrolstrategybasedonVSC-HVDC[D]HarbinHarbinInstituteofTechnology2011(inChinese)[6][D]2012DouJinzhuStudyonintelligentgrid-connectedcontrollerforoffshorewindpower[D]HarbinHarbinInstituteofTechnology2012(inChinese)[7]MauCNRudionKOrthsAetalGridconnectionofoffshorewindfarmbasedDFIGwithlowfrequencyACtransmissionsystem[C]//2012IEEEPowerandEnergySocietyGeneralMeetingIEEE20121-7[8][J]200722(4)413-417WangZhixinLiXiangAiQianetalResearchonoffshorewindenergyflexible