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Grammar语法知识定语从句Grammar修饰名词和代词的成分定语:abeautifulfloweratallboybeautifultall定语从句：修饰名词和代词的从句ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.定语从句thebestfilm先行词that关系词ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.关系词在从句中担当一个成分关系词的作用1）2）3）引导定语从句代替先行词Beijingisthecitythat/whichhasgotthechancetohostthe2008OlympicGames.Beijingthecitygetthechancetohostthe2008OlympicGames.Revision1theusageoftherelativepronoun关系代词指代在定语从句中所充当的成分人物句子主语宾语定语whowhomwhichthatwhosetheusageoftherelativeadverb关系副词指代所充当的句子成分whenwherewhytimeplacereasonadverbialadverbialadverbial类别意义功能形式关系代词限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句起限定作用。若省略，原句意义不完整。起补充说明作用。若省略，原句意义不受影响。修饰先行词修饰先行词/整个句子无逗号隔开有逗号与主句隔开有that无thatRevision2限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别作宾语时可以省略不可以省略Thebook(that/which)IboughtyesterdayisHarryPotterandtheOrderofPhoenix.Thebook,whichIboughtyesterday,isHarryPotterandtheOrderofPhoenix.有that，作宾语时可以省略无that,作宾语时不可以省略，我昨天买的那本书是《哈里.波特与凤凰令》1.指物时只用that或which的情况2.介词+关系代词3.Whose用法及转换形式4.as与which的区别5.指人时that与who的区别6.如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词7.定语从句中的主谓一致问题常见考点1.Thisisall____Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanythingelse_____yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_____wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it考点一:that与which的区别先行词为all,little,much,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词时，关系代词用that4.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_____interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom5.Thereisnodictionary_____youcanfindeverythingin.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat6.Isoxygentheonlygas_____helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it7.Whichwasthehotel_____wasrecommendedtoyou?A.thatB.whichC.whereD.it先行词为人和物的组合先行词被all,little,much,every,no,等修饰时先行词被序数词或最高级修饰先行词前有序数词(thefirst),形容词最高级(thebest),thelast,thevery,theonly等时。若主句中有疑问代词who或者which，为了避免重复,关系代词不要再用who,which，而用that。1.先行词为all,little,much,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词2.先行词被all,little,much,every,no,等修饰时。3.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰先行词前有序数词(thefirst),形容词最高级(thebest),thelast,thevery,theonly等时。4.先行词为人和物的组合5.若主句中有疑问代词who或者which，为了避免重复,关系代词不要再用who,which，而用that。只用that的情况:考点一:that与which的区别1.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,______surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.A.whichBthatCthisD.it只用which的情况:1,逗号后面2,介词后面2.Theday______hewasbornwasAug.20,1952.A.onwhichBthatCwhichD.this填上合适的关系词并分析原因：1.Theway_________________heexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.2.Theway_________________hetolduswasquitesimple.that/which/不填that/inwhich/不填缺状语缺宾语考点2：theway用做先行词考点二:介词+关系代词提醒:介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择.方法一:根据从句中动词与先行词习惯搭配方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。此时关系代词只能用which或whom;不可用that或who代替ThemanisfromBeijingUniversity.Italkedabouthimatthemeeting.Theman(who/whom/that)ItalkedaboutatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity..Jointhemintoonesentence.=ThemanaboutItalkedatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity.关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用that，也不能省略，常用which或whom。该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。whom但遇固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不作前置Isthisthebook(which/that)youarelookingfor?Fillingblanks:1.Theman__________youshookhandsjustnowisourheadmaster.2.Theroom__________myfamilyliveusedtobeagarage.withwhominwhich1.I’vecometothepointwhereIcan’tstandhim.2.Thecountryisinthesituationwhereawarwillbreakoutatanytime.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。难点二：一些特殊词之后的where解析：如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,position,part,condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。1.Wearetryingtoreachapoint____bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.（06山东）A.whichB.thatC.whereD.when2.---Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourself?---Yes,there’sonepoint____wemustinsiston.（06江西）A.whyB.whereC.howD./高考题链接：做题要灵活;要分析句子成分,选择恰当的关系词。where\that1.Thisisthelibrary_____Iborrowedthebook.2.Itisfromthislibrary____Iborrowedthebook.wherethat综合考查一：定语从句与强调句3.---WheredidyoulastseeMr.Smith?---Itwasinthehotel____Ilived.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when难点三.综合考查近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。友情提示考点三Whose用法及转换形式1.whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。That’sthechildwhosefatherisateacher.Doyouknowthewomanwhosehusbandisadoctor?Thisisabookwhosecoverisgreen.2.whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。3.whose的先行词指物时,可用ofwhich代替,但词序不同，即whose+名词=the+n+ofwhich=ofwhich+the+n.Helivesintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.=Helivesintheroom,facessouth.=Helivesintheroom,facessouth.thewindowofwhichofwhichthewindow考点四：as与which引导的定语从句两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。1.当与such或thesame连用时，一般用as。e.g.Suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting.Ihavethesameplanasyou.2.as引导的从句可以放在句首,as本身有“正如…..正象…”之意，与之连用的词有know,see,expect,announce,pointout等。e.g.Asweallknow,theearthisround.1.______wasnatural,hemarriedJenny.A.WhichB.ThatC.ThisD.As2.Suchsigns_____weuseintheexperiment______Greekletters.A.as,areB.as,isC.that,areD.that,is3.Sheisverygoodatdance,____everybodyknows.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as4.______hasbeensaidabove,grammarisasetofdeadrules.A.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.As5.Wedothesamework_____theydo.A.whichB.asC.thanD.likeAnyone_____breaksthelawispunished.Those_____breakthelawarepunished.He_____breaksthelawispunished.在anyone,those,he/she/I/they作先行词时,用”who”代替“that”.考点五:that与who的区别whowhowho考点六:如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词?选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点：1.先行词2.关系词在从句中充当的成分。做主语，宾语，定语用做状语用关系代词关系副词Iwillneverforgettheday_____Ifirstwenttoschool.Iwill