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1九大词性1.noun(n.)名词：todescribeapersonorthing英语中的名词根据是否可数又分为可数与不可数名词。（1）可数名词①可数名词规则变化：规则变化构成方法例词一般情况加-s如：pens、girls以“s,x,ch,sh”结尾加-es如：bus-buses、box-boxesWatch-watchesdish-dishes以辅音字母+y结尾变y改i再加es如：baby-babies、family-families以元音字母+y结尾加-s如：boy-boys、day-days以辅音字母+o结尾加-es如：potatoes、tomatoes以元音字母+o结尾加-s如：photos以f或fe结尾的变f或fe为v再加es如：half-halves、wife-wivesthief-thieves②可数名词不规则变化A、单复数同形：deer-deerfish-fishsheep-sheepB、词尾发生变化：ox-oxenchild-childrenC、内部单词发生变化：foot-feettooth-teethgoose-geesewoman-womenman-menmouse-micepoliceman-policemenD、表示某国人时,中日不变,英法变,其他国家加s：(1)Chinese-ChineseJapanese-Japanese(2)Frenchman-FrenchmenEnglishman-Englishmen(3)German-GermansRussian-RussiansAmericans③特殊情况i.另一些名词本身即是复数形式，不可用作单数。如：people，police，trousers，pants，clothes，scissorsii.有些名词以s结尾，但不是复数形式，如：news，maths，physics，politicsiii.有些名词既是可数名词又是不可数名词，如：room(空间)—aroom(房间)work(工作)—works(著作)(2)不可数名词：（前面不能用a,an等来修饰）①到目前为止我们所学的不可数名词有：A液体类:water：juice,tea,soup,milk,cola,coffeeB肉类:meat，beef,pork,muttonC粉末类：breadD抽象名词类news,information,money,advice,friendship,work,homework,houseworkschoolwork,help,fun,health,priceE食物类:food,broccoli,rice,porridge,junkfood,tofu②不可数名词计量的表达:A个数单位词：piece（张、片、块、条）,如：apieceofnewsB容器单位词：bottle（瓶）,bag（包）,box（盒、箱）如：abottleofmilk2C类别单位词：kind(种、类)D度量衡单位词：kilo(千克、公斤)▲翻译下面的词组:1.两杯咖啡:2.四块面包:3.七袋大米：4.八只鹿：5.一滴水：6.三个男孩：(3)名词所有格（翻译为：……的）：构成方法例句一般在有生命名词后加’s构成Linda’sdesk若以s结尾复数名词，则在s后加’s，若不是以s结尾复数名词，则加’stheboys’friendsthechildren’sday表示几个人共同的东西，只在最后一个人后加’sLucyandLily’smother表示几个人都分别有的东西，则每个人都加’sLucy’sandLily’sbook表示时间、距离的名词可以加’s或’构成所有格形式Today’snewspaperFifteenminutes’walk表示某人的家、店铺、诊所时，常省略所有格后面的名词atmyuncle’s=atmyuncle’shome表示无生命事物的所有关系：一般用..of..结构来表示无生命的名词所有格：amapofChina中国地图thenameofthefilm书的封面thecoverofthebook电影的名字▲Ⅰ用括号中所给词的适当形式填空：1．Thetwogirlsare(Japan)2.The(baby)areasleep3.Doyouknowthetwo(manteacher)?▽当一个名词作定语说明另一个名词时，这个名词一般用单数。eg.anappletree，fiveappletrees，agirlfriend，twogirlfriends，atwinsister但是，当man和woman作定语修饰复数名词时，就要用其复数形式。eg.twomenteachers，threewomendoctors4.The(child)arewashingtheir(foot).5.Therearetwo(people)andlotsof(sheep)inthefields.6.September10is(teacher)Day.7.Ithinkphysics(be)moreinterestingthanmaths8.Don’tyouthinkthe(radio)aretoonoisy?9.Whose(knife)arethese?10.“Whosehouseisthis?”“It’sthe(Smith)”.32.verb(v.)动词eg.do,make,go,take,bring英语中动词根据其后是否可以加宾语又分为：Vt.(及物动词）eg.speak,give,singVi.(不及物动词）eg.run,work英语中动词有5中形态：原形，第三人称单数形式，过去式，过去分词（用于完成时或被动语态中），现在分词dodoesdiddonedoingworkworksworkedworkedworkingI动词第三人称单数形式变化(三单变化)规则变化动词原形三单变化直接+shelp/makehelps/makes以字母s/x/ch/sh为结尾+esguess/wash/watchguesses/washes/watches以“辅音字母+y”为结尾，变y为i+esstudy/carry/flystudies/carries/flies以o为结尾的部分单词+esdo/godoes/goes特殊变化havehasII.动词过去式和过去分词变化(1)规则变化规则变化动词原形过去式和过去分词直接+edwork/call/wantworked/called/wanted以“辅音字母+y”为结尾，变y为i+edstudy/try/carrystudied/tried/carried重读闭音节元音+辅音结尾+edstop/planstopped/planned以字母e为结尾+dlive/hopelived/hoped(2)不规则变化需要单独记忆III动词的现在分词形式变化规则变化动词原形现在分词直接+inghelp/workhelping/working以e为结尾，去e加ingmake/movemaking/moving重读闭音节元音+辅音结尾+ingget/begingetting/beginning以ie为结尾，变ie为y+inglie/die/tielying/dying/tying⑴时态（找时间标志词）：一般现在时：结构：am/is/areplay/plays4判断：sometimes,often,usually,always,every,在if/assoonas等复合句中,主将从现1.Ifyou________hard,youwillpasstheexam.A.studiesB.studyC.willstudyD.isstudying现在进行时：结构：am/is/areplaying判断：Look,Listen,now,Where’ssb？典型例题：1.--Where’smom?Iwanttogoshoppingwithher.--She______inthebedroom.A.readsB.readC.isreadingD.hasread一般过去时：结构：was/wereplayed判断：yesterday,last…,…ago及语境.典型例题：1.--Youlooktired.Whatdidyoudoyesterday?--I______tillnight.A.worksB.worked一般将来时：结构：willplay判断：tomorrow,next…及语境,在if/assoonas等主从复合句中,主将从现.典型例题：1.She________meassoonasshegetsthere.A.callsB.callC.calledD.willcall过去进行时：结构：was/wereplaying判断：atthattime,atthistime,yesterday,by+过去时间,bytheendof+过去时间常用于带有when/while的主从复合句中.典型例题：1.Mom______inthekitchenwhenIgothome.A.cooksB.cookC.wascookingD.cooked2.I________myhomeworkatthistimeyesterday.A.didB.doC.willdoD.wasdoing现在完成时（动作从过去持续到现在）：结构：has/haveplayed判断：just,already,yet,ever,never,sofar（到目前为止）5次数(once,twice)since+时间点,for+时间段,howlong…典型例题：1.He______inthefactoryfortwoyears.A.worksB.workedC.isworkingD.hasworked⑵被动语态，（主语与谓语构成被动关系）：主语+be(am/is/was/were/willbe)+done如：①Theholeshould(dig)deepenough.②Thestudents(tell)tocleantheclassroom.情态动词（can(could),may(might),must,shall(should),will(would),dare(dared)敢,need等,另外,haveto、hadbetter也当作情态动词使用）后加动词原形▲(1)ATom_________(come)fromAmerica.Nowhe(teach)EnglishinamiddleschoolinBeijing.Inhisfreetime,hewouldlike________(go)inforatraditionalsportsothathecan(learn)moreaboutChinese.BNow,peopleusesatellitestodomanythings.Sofar,man(invent)fourkindsofsatellites.Oneofthem(use)tostudytheweather.(2)AHenry,a14-year-oldboy,used(be)toofattoplaysports.Hewenttothedoctorand(tell)tohaveabalanceddiet.Sohetried_______(noteat)toomuchmeatorsugarbecausetheymightmakehimgetheavier.Nowheisn’tfatatall.Hedoessportseverydayand(become)amemberoftheschoolsoccerteam.NextweekHenrywilltakepartintheschoolsportsmeet.B6Mymotherisverykindandeasygoing,shehelpsmealot.I(take)goodcareofinmydailylifebyher.WhenI’mintrouble,shealwaysencoura