搜索
现在完成时态ThePresentPerfectTense现在完成时Presentperfecttense•构成:助动词have/has+过去分词1.肯定句现在完成时的肯定句式是“have（has）＋过去分词”。注意：该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。eg.Hehasgonetoschool.Theyhavegonetoschool.2.疑问句现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之前。(回答用“Yes，---have/has．／“No，---haven’t/hasn’t．”）3.否定句：现在完成时的否定句式是“haven't/hasn't＋过去分词”。eg.Hashegonetoschool?Yes,hehas./No,hehasn’t.eg.Hehasn’tgonetoschool.Theyhaven’tgonetoschool.•用法一、•1。表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,（强调结果现在还存在）例如•Ihavejustcleanedmyclothes.我刚洗过衣服。•（“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”）•Ihavejusthadmybreakfast.(对现在的影响：不饿)•Hashehadhisbreakfast?Yes,hehas.Whendidhehavehisbreakfast?Hehadbreakfastat6:00.现在完成时态的分类•1.Myfatherboughtmanybooksformeyesterday.•Now,Ihavealottoreadbecause________________________________•2.Isawthisfilmlastweek.•Now,IknowthisfilmbecauseI_____________________.•3.Ididmyhomeworkyesterday.•Now,IcangiveittotheteacherbecauseI______________myfatherhasboughtmanybooksforme.haveseenitbeforehavedoneit.通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just(谓语动词之前)（刚刚）,already（已经(肯定句)）,before,yet（一般疑问(句末）：已经；否定句：还）never,ever(疑问句)twicerecently(近来）等状语连用1Tomhasalreadyfinishedhishomework.Tomhasn’tfinishedhishomeworkyet.2Ihavejusthadmylunch.Shehasn’tseenyoubefore.3Haveyouevereatenfish?Ihavenevereatenfish①Ihaveneverheardofthatbefore.②Haveyoueverriddenahorse?③Shehasalreadyfinishedthework.④Haveyoumilkedthecowyet?Yes,Ihavealredydonethat.⑤I’vejustfinishedmyhomework.⑥Hehasnotcomeyet.Exercises•1.I____already____(have)lunch.•2.thetrain_______(arrive)yet?•3.Tom____never_______(be)toChina.•4.Thetwins______just_____(see)myfather.•5.Thetwins____(see)myfatherjustnow.•6.______youever_______(ride)ahorse?Never.havehadHasarrivedhasbeenhaveseensawHaveridden7._____you________(clean)theroom?Yes,we__________(do)that.When_______you______(do)it?We_______(do)itanhourago.8.______he______(see)thisfilmyet?No.When_____he_____(see)it?He______ittomorrow.9.Howmanytimes_____you______(come)here?Once.HavecleanedhavedonediddodidHasseenwillseewillseehavecome•用法二：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也可以表示一直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去。A动词使用延续性动词。B和表示时间段的时间状语连用。常与for或since引导的时间连用sofar,upto/tillnow,inthelast/past+一段时间，allone’slife,bynow,thesedays,thesedays、fortwoyears、since1984、sincehecamehereIhaven’tseenherthesedays.ShehaslearntEnglishfor3years/since3yearsago.Theyhavelivedheresince1990.WhathashappenedtotheUSAinthelast350years?注意：(1)since＋一段时间＋ago＝for＋时间段;sincetwoweeksago=fortwoweeks;Ihavekeptthelibrarybookforaweek.=Ihavekeptthelibrarybooksinceaweekago.(2)since+时间点＝for＋时间段since2000=for７years(3)since+从句(常用一般过去时)TheGreenshavelivedinBeijingsincetheymovedtoBeijingfromParis(4)Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句.自从某事发生已有一段时间了.Itis/hasbeentwoyearssincemybrotherjoinedthearmy.一、用for和since填空。______threehours______threeo’clock______twodays______yesterdayafternoon______Icamehere______lastSunday_______aweek_______alongtime_______1997______twoweeks_______threeyearsago_______lastmonthforsinceforsincesincesinceforforsinceforsincesince用for和since填空1.TheyhavebeenlearningChinese_____theycametoChina.2.Ihaven’tseenher_____alongtime.3.Hehasbeenlivinghere_____2001.4.Shehasbeendoingherhomework____twohours.5.It’s5years_____weleftschool.6.–HowlonghasMarybeenateacher?–_____twoyearsago.sinceforsinceforsinceSince三、非延续性动词与现在完成时短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：become,begin,buy,borrow,arrive,come,die,fall,finish,gettoknow,go,join,leave,marry等。为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词have，keep等来代替非延续性动词。他入党五年了。HejoinedthePartyfiveyearsago.——HehasbeeninthePartyforfiveyears.——HehasbeenaPartymemberforfiveyears.——itisfiveyearssincehejoinedtheParty电影开始五分钟了。Thefilmbeganfiveminutesago.——Thefilmhasbeenonforfiveminutes.——Itisfiveminutessincethefilmbegan常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变•第一类：动词be+adj.•diefinish•open/close•fallill/asleep•marrysb/getmarriedto•第二类：动词be+介词.•start/begin•leave•joinbedeadbeawayfrombein/beamemberofbeopen/closedbeonbeoverbeill/asleepbemarriedto•第三类：动词另一个动词•buy•borrow•get/beginto延续性v.•become•puton•eg.keephavebe延续性v.wear•Hisfatherdied2yearsago.•Thefootballmatchbeganat9:00a.m.•Thetwinsjoinedthearmywhentheywere18yearsold.•MyteacherleftNanjing3daysago.Hisfatherhasbeendeadfor2years/sincetwoyears.Thefootballmatchhasbeenonsince9:00a.m.Thetwinshavebeensoldiers/inthearmy、membersofthearmysincetheywere18yearsold.MyteacherhasbeenawayfromNanjingfor3days/since3daysago.1beginbeon6returnbeback2leavebeawayfrom7joinbein3gobeoff8diebedead4borrowkeep9buyhave5comebehere10arrivebehere10reachbehere11putonwear13catchacoldhaveacold14openbeopen15closebeclosed17end/finishbeover16becomebe12fallasleepbeasleep注意点四：havebeenin,havebeento与havegoneto的用法1、have(has)beenin表示“在某地（多长时间）”，现在仍在那里。常与表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗来上海已经有三天了。TheyhavebeeninCanadaforfiveyears.他们到加拿大有五年了。2、have(has)beento表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just,ever,never等连用，例如：Ihavejustbeentothepostoffice.我刚才去邮局了。MaryhasneverbeentotheGreatWall.玛丽从未去过长城。HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhoubefore?你以前曾经去过杭州吗？Have(has)beento后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：Theyhavebeentothatvillageseveraltimes.他们去过那个村庄好几次了。3、have(has)goneto意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，例如：----WhereisTom?----Hehasgonetothebookshop.他到书店去了。JackJohnsonhasgonet