中考英语专项复习：完形填空解题技巧

ClozeCloze一、完形填空的特点•以考查文义为主，同时考查信息词汇的综合运用。如：语法、词汇、句法、习惯用法、逻辑推理、上下文呼应等。•难易程度与初中教材相当，词数在180-250左右。Cloze二、解题步骤•遵循“三步走”原则•1.粗读知意•2.细读填空•3.复读检查Cloze一、通读全文，掌握大意由于完形填空是一个整篇的文章，最大的忌讳就是“边看边选”，因为不通读全文，就无法把握、理解全文，也就无法对某个细节进行合理的还原。完形填空的第一句一般是不留空的，并且第一句话很关键。在快速阅读时要抓住全文或者段落的第一句或最后一句，它们往往是全文活全段的主题句，通过它们可以知道文章的题材、大意、时间、人物、事件等。另外在阅读中要对其中的时间词、动词加以注意。Cloze通读全文之后，把握住了整个短文的意思，接下来便是从整体出发，联系上下文，前后贯通，结合词形、词义、时态、语态选出一个正确的选项。遇到难以理解的句子或者对某一项没有把握时，可采用排除、筛选等方法。结合上下文，看语句是否通顺，语法是否正确，是否合乎逻辑，逐一将干扰项予以排除，从而可确定答案。二、仔细推敲，初定答案Cloze三、重读全文，核实答案•所有的答案选出之后，应再读全文，对所选的答案进行核实调整。经过第二步逐句推敲之后，对短文内容的理解更为深刻。这时，如果再重读全文，第二步时有些难解或误解的问题就很容易暴露出来，从而也能得到更好的解决。这一步费时不多却至关重要，切记不可等闲视之，掉以轻心。Cloze主要从以下几方面进行检查：1、单词、短语与句子成分搭配是否恰当，如关联词的搭配，句子的结构类型等；2、时态和语态是否正确；3、习惯用法和固定搭配是否有误；4、词形变化是否正确。如名词的可数与不可数，单、复数和名词所有格；形容词、副词的比较等级；动词的各种形式等。应注意句中所空单词的句子成分、词的类别，以及上下文的意思联系。Cloze三、解题技巧•1.看首尾，抓主题•2.火眼金睛，寻找信息词•3.先易后难，逐个攻克•4.宜谨慎、沉着，切忌急躁Cloze四、出题类型•文意型：•根据上下文的意思及结构必须填入的确定词•习惯搭配型：固定搭配短语和词组中的特定词•词义型：同义词和近义词等易混词•语法型：•语法结构所要求的功能词，如连接词：连接代词、连接副词、关系代词和关系副词。•具有语法变化的词，如动词的时态、语态；•名词的数；代词的格；形容词和副词的比较等级等。Cloze五、解题金点子ClozeSkill1：上下文暗示法InNewYork,onaFridaynight,ayoungartiststoodatthegateofatrainstation.Hewasplayinghis16.Hismusicwassogreatthatmanypeopleputmoneyintohishat.Thenextday,theyoungartistcametothesameplace,andplayedtheviolinasusual.16.A.pianoB.guitarC.violinD.sax【2009·连云港】√violinClozeSkill1：上下文暗示法Onceakingwaswalkingaroundapoolwithhisministers（大臣）.Suddenly,hecameupwithanidea.Heasked,“Howmanybasketsof41arethereinthepool?”….asbigasthepool,thereisonebasketofwater…41.A.fishB.flowersC.waterD.apples【2009·黔东南】basketofwater√basketsofClozeWhenwetalked,IdiscoveredsomedifferencesinschoollifebetweentheUSandChina.Forexample,eachclasslastsfiftyminutesintheUS.Itisalittle44thanthatinChina.Weusuallyhaveforty-fiveminutesineachclass.44.A.shorterB.longerC.earlierD.later【2009·重庆】√fiftySkill2：逻辑推理法forty-fiveClozeSkill2：逻辑推理法Mymotheroftenaskedme，“Whatisthemostimportantpartofthebody?”Ithoughtsoundwasveryimportanttousashumans，soIsaid．“My17，Mommy．”Shesaid,“No.Manypeoplearedeaf…17.A.earsB.eyesC.bodyD.head【2009·苏州】√sounddeafClozeSkill3：背景知识Allovertheworldpeopleswimforfun.Swimmingisenjoyedbypeopleof32ages,fromtheveryyoungtotheveryold.Therearemanyplacesforpeopletoswiminswimmingpools.32.A.allB.noneC.someD.both√【2009·东营】ClozeMarkTwain,afamousAmericanwriter,wasoncetravelinginFrance.HewentbytraintoDijion.Hewasverytiredandwantedto1.Heaskedtheconductortowakehimup2whenthetraingottoDijion.Butfirsthesaidthathewasaheavy3sleeper...1.A.readB.writeC.drinkD.sleepSkill3：背景知识法tired√wakeupClozeWhentwopeopleareinaconversation,thespeakerwillonlylookatthelistenerfromtimetotime,inordertomakesurethatthelistenerdoespayattention48whatheorsheisspeaking…48.A.forB.ofC.withD.to【2009·兰州】√payattentionSkill4：固定搭配法ClozeSkill4：固定搭配法Inthemorning,thekingwenttovisitthepond.Tohissurprise,thepondwasonlyfilledwithwater!Whathappened?Yes!Everyonehadthesameidea48thatman.48.A.withB.toC.asD.of【2009·泰安】√thesameCloze…justatthattimetherecameapoliceman11standinginfrontofmeweithisnotebookopen.“12Excuseme,sir,”hesaid,“youhaveaverygoodvoice.Whotaughtyousinging?”I’dverymuch13tofindsomeonewhocangivemydaughtersinginglessons.Shelikesitverymuch”…13.AgladB.wantC.wishD.likeSkill5：习惯用法’dlike√Cloze常用动词的习惯用法：A:后跟不定式作宾语的动词want,wouldlike,hope,decide,plan....B:后跟动名词作宾语的动词mind,enjoy,practice,keep,bebusy,can’thelp（情不自禁）,beworth，giveupC:后跟动词原形作宾补的动词：let,makeClozeEveryoneneedsfriends.Weallliketo1feelclosetosomeone.2isnicetohaveafriendtotalk,laughanddothingswith…2.A.ItB.HeC.ThereD.SomeoneSkill6：固定句式判断法√ClozeHaveyou1evervisitedanairport?2Itisoftenaveryexcitingplace.Ifyouareevernearanairport,3notgoinside?Youdon’thavetobeapassengertogoinsideanairport…3.A.wheredoyouB.whyC.whataboutD.howSkill6：固定句式判断法√Cloze…WhentheChinesestudent5London,atallEnglishpoliceman6withalongfaceopenedhispassporttocheckit.Thepolicemanwas7intheChinesename“Sun”inthepassport.HethoughtitwaspronouncedjustliketheEnglishword“Sun”…5.A.gotB.reachedinC.arrivedD.arrivedin6.A.happyB.interestedC.interestingD.angrySkill7：同义词辨析法√√ClozeApersonridingabicycleuses3energytomakethebicyclemove,andthereisnopollutionatallwhenyouareriding.Evenso,indeveloped4countries,mostpeopledon’ttraveltoworkbybicycle.Itisnotbecausethebicyclesareexpensiveorpeoplefeel5tirediftheyridetowork.It’sbecause6carsontheroadsbecomeslarger.Itcertainlybecomes7moredangeroustorideabicycle.3.A.muchB.quitealotofC.verylittleD.many6.A.thenumberofB.anumberofC.thiskindofD.allkindsofSkill7：同义词辨析法√√ClozeJamesHerriotwasafamousdoctorforanimals.HewasborninScotlandin1915.He1withapetdognameDon.2hewent,Donwentwithhim.Herriotlovedanimals3somuchthathemadeuphismind4tobeavet,especiallyfordogs…1.A.grewupB.grewoldC.becamebigD.turnedold2.A.WhoeverB.WhateverC.WhereverD.HoweverSkill8：词义辨析法√√ClozeSkill9：语法分析Asareporter,IthinkIwillmeetlotsofpeopleandIshouldbefriendlytothem.IthinkI'llalsomakemanygood25andlivewiththem,becauseIdon'tlikelivingalone.25.A.friendB.friendsC.friends’D.friends’√【2009·泸州】manysClozeSkill9：（语法分析）…It’s4likeadreamworldhere!I5boughtafewthingsfromastore.Iboughty