大学英语四级写作中的词汇运用

第二节：写作中的词汇运用原则一基本正确简单安全二准确得体通顺多样一基本正确简单安全简单词怎么打造完美作文?词汇量多少才够?三种应急措施:1.试用笼统词:take,have我经历了一个极其艰苦的时代。Iexperiencedaterriblehardtime.Ihadaterriblehardtime.take百用搭配：Doyouunderstandmymeaning,sir?=Doyoutakemymeaning,sir?Iwillpresideoverthemeeting.=Iwilltakethemeeting.Iwillsubscribetothelocalnewspaper.=Iwilltakethelocalnewspaper.Theyoccupiedthecity.=Theytookthecity.Eg:四级作文中难词00.01HowIFinanceMyCollegeEducation银行贷款：borrowmoneyfromthebankbankloan2.联想有关词汇—同义词和反义词1）同义词Ihadanightmarelastnight.=Ihadabaddreamlastnight.Idon‘tunderstandthisword.=Idon’tknowthisword.Practice：Theydiscontinuedtheworkatfive.Histemperisnasty.stopterrible2）反义词。Heisstubborn.=Heisnottame.Theknifeisblunt.=Theknifeisnotsharp.Thisisexpensive.=Thisisnotcheap.Sheistalkative.=Sheisneverquiet.3扬长避短--试用解释性语句Heisadumb.=Heisapersonwhocannotspeak.I‘veneverseensuchastubbornperson.=I’veneverseensuchapersonwhoneverlistenstoother‘sadvice.例文分析—简单词汇的运用Examinationisacommonheadachetostudentsallovertheworld.Theyalldetestit,butallbeingdominatedbyit.Itrepresentsatrial.dislike/hatecontrolledis/meansNowadays,examinationhasbecomeapopularformoftesting.Italmostcandominate(control)one‘sfuture.Iamnotexaggerating(tellingthetruth);foryouallknowitistrue.Ifwewanttoobtainadiploma(getagraduationpaper),wemustfirstpasstheexams.Ifwedonothaveadiploma,wemaynotfindajobeasily.Thatisthereasonwhyallstudentsarenervousandpalewhentheyaresittingforanimportantexaminationwhichmayconcern(havesomethingtodowith)theirfuture.Butaslongasexaminationisonitspeak(highestpoint)ofpower,wemustbephilosophicalof(haveacalmattitudeto)it.Ifwedonothaveexams,wemayindulgeourselves(spendourtimeon)inotherthingsinsteadofbooks.Examshavetoalwaysdriveuson.Whatiswrongforlearningmoreandthoroughly(deeply)?原则一基本正确简单安全二准确得体通顺多样2.1用词准确—5C2.2闪光词汇2.3语言通顺2.4词汇多样2.1用词准确—5C1“C”:connotation(内涵)1)避免中式英语TobeathreegoodstudentisalwaysasymbolofachievementfortheChinesestudents.all-roundstudent2)区别近义词problem:需要解决的现实问题Measureshavebeentakentosolvetrafficproblemsinbigcities.issue:常指国家政策或外交问题;争论;Theyhavepublishedalotofnewbooksoninternationalissues.question可获得解释或回答的疑问Sotherearisesthequestion:whatshouldwedotogetridofthewrongattitudestowardsthemigrantworkers?2“C”:collocation搭配applyfor:IamaChinesestudentwhowishestoapplyforadmissionintoyourprestigiousuniversity.applyto：applyatheorytopracticecome：cometothepartyparticipate/join：participate/joininextracurricularactivities3“C”：context(上下文)。书面语：论说文正式的书信06年608年12月口头语：04年6月,05年1月,07年6书面语：1)避免使用缩写形式，比如donot不要写成don’t，itis不要写成it’s。2)避免使用非标准化的表述方式，比如gonna,wanna之类的口语。1.ManycollegestudentsaregonnatakepartinCET-4.2.ManycollegestudentswouldliketotakepartinCET-4.SpokenEnglish书面语WrittenEnglishthinkmaintain/holdmoreandmorebooming/ingrowingnumbers/increasinglymostofthevastmajorityoflove/likeenthusiasmcompare…with…toweigh…and…seewitness1.Nowpeopleingrowingnumbersarecomingtorecognizeasimplebutpowerfultruth:weneedeachother.Andwemustcareforoneanother.现在越来越多的人开始认识到一个简单而又强有力的真理：我们互相需要。我们还必须互相关怀。1.现在越来越多的人开始认识到一个简单而又强有力的真理：我们互相需要。我们还必须互相关怀。Nowpeopleingrowingnumbersarecomingtorecognizeasimplebutpowerfultruth:weneedeachother.Andwemustcareforoneanother2.无热情成就不了伟业Nothinggreatwaseverachievedwithoutenthusiasm――EmersonFootballismygreatenthusiasmsayassumeshowreveal/disclose/unfold/expose/indicateexplainshedlighton/throwlightonneveronnoaccount/innocase/undernocircumstancesfaceconfrontknowrecognize/beawareof/beconsciousofentailmake…necessarymake…worseworsengooncontinuegetawayescapemanymultitudesofaboutconcerningbecauseofowingto/thankstodeepprofound4“C”:conviction(可信度)限定词:many,generally,typically等Typically,peopleprefertosay“yes”whentheyshouldsay“no”。人们在该拒绝的时候常常点头。4类限定词语1）可能性的:may,perhaps,probably,mainly，safely.Wemaysafelydrawtheconclusionthatdoingpart-timejobsbenefitcollegestudents.Therearemainlytworeasons.我们可以得出这个结论，做兼职大学生可以受益。这主要有2个原因。2）概括性的：generally/ingeneral,commonly,personally.comparativelyIngeneral,youngpeopleseemmorepronetojob-hopping.3）频率的usually,sometimes,often,most,mostly,nearly,almost,atleast,atmost,mayaswellSometimes,realityisfarfromsatisfactory.4）表示客观观点的tosomeextent,tosomedegreeIdon’tagreewiththefirstargumenttosomeextent.5“C”：culture(文化)2.2闪光词汇1使用动态词汇：避免使用语意弱的“be”动词。1）把句中的表语转换为不同的修饰语。例如：Thetreesarebare.Thegrassisbrown.Thelandscapeseemsdrab.Thebrowngrassandbaretreesformadrablandscape.(转换为前置定语)2）将作表语用的形容词或名词变为行为动词。例如：Theteammembersaregoodplayers.Theteammembersplaywell.3）在以“here”或“there”开头的句子中，把“be”动词后的名词或代词变成改写句的主语。Therearevarious/differentanswersamongdifferentgroupsofpeople.=Answersvary/differamongdifferentgroupsofpeople.Therewerealotofgreatchangesinthe2008s.=The2008ssaw/witnessedalotofgreatchanges.Thereisnoopportunityforpromotion.=Noopportunityforpromotionexists.2多用语意具体的动词Theworkforimprovingourenvironmentneedsmoreefforts.Theworkforimprovingourenvironmentcallsformoreefforts.Mysupervisorwentpastmydesk.Mysupervisorsauntered(=walkedslowly)pastmydesk.Sheisacarefulshopper.Shecomparespricesandquality.“动词连用”要不得eg:做兼职可以赚钱，也可以长经验。Takeapart-timejobcanprovidecolleges