毕业论文(设计)题目:知识竞赛抢答器PLC设计姓名:韩昕阳I摘要随着我国经济和文化实业的发展,在很多公开竞争场合要求有公正的竞争裁决,诸如证券、股票交易及各种智力竞赛等,因此出现了抢答器。最初的抢答器是由优先权编码器构成的逻辑电路,其运算速度慢,线路复杂,可靠性不高,功能也比较简单,特别是当抢答路数很多时,实现起来就更加困难。因此,一种能够体现竞赛的公开、公平、公正性的知识竞赛抢答器成为一种需求。本设计将以PLC为核心设计了系统结构图、程序指令、梯形图以及输入输出端子的分配方案,在保留了原始抢答器的基本功能的同时又增加一系列的实用功能并简化其电路结构,其将以其控制方便,灵活,只要改变输入PLC的控制程序,便可改变竞赛抢答器的抢答方案,从而使得竞赛不断完善其公平、公正性。关键词:PLC;知识竞赛抢答器;气短数码管;IO分配IIAbstractWiththedevelopmentofourcountryeconomyandculturalindustry,publiccompetitionrequiresafairadjudgementinmanyoccasions,suchassecuritiesandrulingstocktradingandvariousintelligencecontestetc,resultinginvariousresponder.Firstviestoanswerfirstiscomposedofpriorityencoderwhichisconstiutedbylogiccircuit,thespeedandreliabilityofitisnothighandthecircuitiscomplex,butthefunctionissimple.especiallywhentherearemanyresponders,itismoredifficulttoachieve.Therefore,arespondertoreflectakindofopenness,fairnessandimpartialityoftheknowledgecompetitionisakindofdemandoccupations.ThecoreofthisdesignisbasedonPLC,itiscomposedofsystemstructurediagram,procedures,ladder-diagramandtheallocationofinputandoutputterminals,thedesignnotonlyretainsthebasicfunctionofthetheoriginalresponderbutincreasesaseriesofpracticalfunctionandsimplifiesthecircuitstructure,itwillbeeasyandflexibletoitscontrol,aslongaschangethePLCcontrolprocedures,youareabletochangetheprogramofthecompetitionresponder,makingthecompetitionfairandjustice.Keywords:PLCTheknowlcdgccompetitionresponder;7digitaldeicc;IOdistributionIII目录1绪论...................................................................11.1课题研究背景.................................................................................................................11.2课题研究内容.................................................................................................................21.3可编程控制器概论.........................................................................................................21.3.1PLC的简介...........................................................................................................31.3.2PLC的用途...........................................................................................................31.3.3PLC的特点...........................................................................................................41.3.4PLC的分类...........................................................................................................52整体方案的选择.......................................................72.1整体功能介绍.................................................................................................................72.2竞赛抢答器的控制要求.................................................................................................72.3用单片机和PLC分别做系统的比较...........................................................................83硬件电路设计........................................................103.1控制特点分析...............................................................................................................103.2PLC机型的选择步骤与原则....................................................................................103.3流程图...........................................................................................................................123.4PLC与七段LED显示器连接设计..........................................................................123.4.1LED数码管的结构及主要特性.........................................................................123.4.2PLC与七段数码管方案选择.............................................................................133.4.3PLC与七段数码管直接连接阻值计算.............................................................143.4.4外部硬件接线图....................................................................................................154软件设计.............................................................174.1IO分配.......................................................................................................................174.2根据控制要求进行梯形图设计...................................................................................184.3源程序...........................................................................................................................224.4程序运行过程分析说明................................................................................................234.4程序的下载、安装和调试...........................................................................................255总结................................................................26致谢.................................................................27参考文献...............................................................2811绪论1.1课题研究背景目前国内外市场上已有很多类型的知识竞赛抢答器,其大致采用模拟电路、数字电路、单片机或者PLC芯片、计算机控制系统等四类产品。对于采用模拟电路或者数字电路的产品,其技术相当成熟。但是随着功能的增多,电路也越复杂,并且成本偏高,故障率高,显示方式简单或者没有,无法准确判断抢按按钮的行为,也不便于参数调节及其功能的升级换代。对于计算机控制系统来说,其程序简单,反应灵敏,便于参数调节及其功能的升级换代,但鉴于其必须配合计算机实用,可操作性差,没有得到广泛的应用。而对于科技飞速发展的今天,PLC、单片机应用的不断深入,带动了传统控制检测技术的不断更新,并鉴于其本身具有的优点,以PLC、单片机为核心的部件成为主流[1]。传统的普通抢答器主要存在一下缺点:⑴在一次抢答过程中,当出现超前违规抢答时,只能处理违规抢答信号,而对没有违规的有效信号不能进行处理,因而使该次抢答过程变为无效。⑵当有多个违规抢答时,优先编码电路只能选择其中一个,或利用抢答电路电子元件的“竞争”选择其中一个。对于后者由于抢答电路制作完毕后电子元件被固定,各路抢答信号的“竞争”能力也被固定,因而