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RelatedConception(相关概念)1.名词:表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。2.名词在句子作什么成分?名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。TheboyisLiMing.主语表语Mr.Liang,a24-year-oldboy,teachesusEnglish.主语同位语直接宾语间接宾语在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。什么是名词性从句?名词性从句主语从句(TheSubjectClause)宾语从句(TheObjectClause)表语从句(ThePredicativeClause)同位语从句(TheAppositiveClause)请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句WhatIwanttodoistakingabath.Thenewsthattheywonthegamespreadthewholeschool.Idon’tthinkheisanhonestboy.Thefactisthathestolethecar.Doyouknowthefactthathestolethecar?Doyouknowthemanwhoisstandingoverthere?Itissaidthattheywonthegame.(主从)(同位语从句)(宾从)(表从)(同位语从句)(定从)(主从)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________主语从句在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。注意：从句作主语时，就算是句子意思完整，都要加上从属连词that，不能省略。主语从句表示“是否”只用“whether”而不用“if”ThatIcanpaybackthehelppeoplegivememakesmehappy.Whetherhe’llbeabletocomeisnotyetknown.Whytheyhavenotleftyetisnotclearsofar.主语从句主语从句有时用“it”作形式主语，把真正的主语放在后面，以避免头重脚轻。Thathewillcomehereisknowntous.Itisknowntousthathewillcomehere._____________________________________________________________________表语从句在句中充当表语的从句(即放在be动词后面)叫做表语从句。注意：引导表语从句的连接词不省略。表语从句表示“是否”只用“whether”而不用“if”Thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar.MyquestioniswhetherPollycanfindherwayhomeTheproblemishowPollyisgoingtofindusinthecrowd.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________宾语从句在句中充当及物动词或介词宾语或be+adj.后宾语的句子叫做宾语从句Idon’tknow（that）youwillcomehere.Youshouldfirstmakesureofwhathadhappenedyesterday.Iamglad(that)youlikethepresent.Iwonderif/whetheritisagoodidea.注意：that在从句中不充当任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常常被省去。Vt.Prep.Be+adj.宾语从句____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________我不知道他来不来。我想知道他来还是不来。你们是在谈论着他来还是不来吗？他不在乎天气是否好。Idon’tknowwhether/ifhewillcome.Iwanttoknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.Areyoutalkingaboutwhetherhewillcome?Hedoesn’tcareifitisn’tafineday.注意：在宾语从句中，表示“是否”既可以用whether,也可以用if.但是，whether常与ornot连用；作介词宾语只用whether;从句是否定句时一般用if。宾语从句中用it作形式宾语Wethinkitourdutythatweshouldhelpothers.Ifinditimpossiblethatheshouldfinishtheworkintwodays.注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用it来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。______________________________________________________________________________________________________同位语从句在句中用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。同位语从句一般放在如idea,news,fact,promise,suggestion,belief,truth等抽象名词语后面，用来说明前面那个词的具体内容。同位语从句一般用that来作连接词，而且不能省略。也可用how,when,where,whether等。Shehadafeelingthatshewasbeingwatched.Thenewsthathecouldn’tcomemadeusupset.WhatevergaveyoutheideathatIcansing?____________________________________________________________________________试区分以下句子Doyouknowthefactthathestolethecar?Doyouknowthefactthattheyweretalkingabout?注意：1.定语从句，从句是不完整的，关系词充当成分的；而同位语从句中的that只起连接作用。2.定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，而同位语从句则解释说明先行词的具体内容。(同从)(定从)Tellthedifference1.Thenewsthattheplanewouldtakeoffontimemadeeverybodyhappy.2.Thenewsthatisspreadingaroundtheairportisthataheavystormiscoming.3.Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.4.Thesuggestionthattheyareconsideringisthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical.同位语从句同位从句定语从句定语从句I.Tellthefunctionoftheclausesinthefollowingsentences说出下列从句的功能：A:Appositive（同位语）;B:Attributive（定语）1.Hisproposalthatwegothereonfootisacceptable.2.Manyteachersholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline.3.Thefirstrequestthathemadewastoaskforfreedom.4.Doyouhaveanyideawherewewillbesent?5.Isthisthecompanywhereyourfatherworks?6.Thisisthereasonthathegaveforhisabsence.7.Hemadeanexcusethathiscarbrokedownontheway.BBB考点：连接词的选择1.连词：that,whether,if。2.连接代词：what,who,whom,whose,which等。3.连接副词：when,where,why,how等。方法和步骤（一找二看四如果）1找连词划从句,确定是名词性从句；2看从句中是否缺主，宾，表，定：如果缺主，宾，表，定，则选连接代词；如果不缺主，宾，表，定，则：3看主句句意是否完整，是否荐在疑问如果主句句意完整，不荐在疑问则选:that;如果主句句意不完整，荐在疑问则选:whether,和连接副词：when,where,how，why指物缺主宾表语：what指人缺主语：who指人缺宾表语：whom,who指人或物缺定语：whose,what,which主宾表定状语不充当成份原则：从句中缺什么就补什么。It+be+形容词＋that从句Itistrue/clear/obvious/possiblethat从句（陈述语气）Itisnecessary/important/naturalthat从句（虚拟语气）Sb(should)dosthSth(should)bedone特别注意：一、主语从句中：It作形式主语的固定句型：Itistruethattheearthgoesaroundthesun.Itwasnecessarythatyou(should)askforhelpwhenthetaskistoodifficult.Itwasimportantthatourwork(should)befinishedontime.It+be+-ed分词＋that从句Itisbelieved/said/reported/knownthat（陈述语气）Itisadvised/suggested/ordered/demanded/requiredthat从句（虚拟语气）Sb(should)dosthSth(should)bedoneItisbelievedthatChinaisthemostdevelopingintheworld.Itisadvisedthatpeople(should)smileeveryday.Itwasrequiredthatthehouse(should)bepulleddownatonce.It+be+名词＋that从句Itiscommonknowledgethat……是常识Itisasurprisethat…令人惊奇的是…Itisafactthat…事实是…Itisapitythat…遗憾的是…It+不及物动词＋that从句Itappearsthat…似乎…Ithappensthat….碰巧…Itoccurredtomethat……我突然想起……Itseemsthat…..好像…...Itmattersthat….有关系……注意：当it作形式主语时，引导主语从句的连接词可省略。特别注意：二、that引导名词从句在从句中不充当成份，只起连接作用，在主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句不能省略，但在宾语从句和it作形式主语而主语从句后置的情况下可省略；在由多个that引宾语从句中，只能省略第一个从句中的t