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ANSIC18.3M,Part2-2003AmericanNationalStandardforPortableLithiumPrimaryCellsandBatteries—SafetyStandardANSIC18.3M,Part2-2003RevisionofANSIC18.3M,Part2-1999AmericanNationalStandardForPortableLithiumPrimaryCellsandBatteries—SafetyStandardSecretariat:NationalElectricalManufacturersAssociationApprovedDecember18,2003AmericanNationalStandardsInstituteANSIC18.3M,Part2-2003NOTICEANDDISCLAIMERTheinformationinthispublicationwasconsideredtechnicallysoundbytheconsensusofpersonsengagedinthedevelopmentandapprovalofthedocumentatthetimeitwasdeveloped.Consensusdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthereisunanimousagreementamongeverypersonparticipatinginthedevelopmentofthisdocument.NEMAstandardsandguidelinepublications,ofwhichthedocumentcontainedhereinisone,aredevelopedthroughavoluntaryconsensusstandardsdevelopmentprocess.Thisprocessbringstogethervolunteersand/orseeksouttheviewsofpersonswhohaveaninterestinthetopiccoveredbythispublication.WhileNEMAadministerstheprocessandestablishesrulestopromotefairnessinthedevelopmentofconsensus,itdoesnotwritethedocumentanditdoesnotindependentlytest,evaluate,orverifytheaccuracyorcompletenessofanyinformationorthesoundnessofanyjudgmentscontainedinitsstandardsandguidelinepublications.NEMAdisclaimsliabilityforanypersonalinjury,property,orotherdamagesofanynaturewhatsoever,whetherspecial,indirect,consequential,orcompensatory,directlyorindirectlyresultingfromthepublication,useof,application,orrelianceonthisdocument.NEMAdisclaimsandmakesnoguarantyorwarranty,expressorimplied,astotheaccuracyorcompletenessofanyinformationpublishedherein,anddisclaimsandmakesnowarrantythattheinformationinthisdocumentwillfulfillanyofyourparticularpurposesorneeds.NEMAdoesnotundertaketoguaranteetheperformanceofanyindividualmanufacturerorseller’sproductsorservicesbyvirtueofthisstandardorguide.Inpublishingandmakingthisdocumentavailable,NEMAisnotundertakingtorenderprofessionalorotherservicesfororonbehalfofanypersonorentity,norisNEMAundertakingtoperformanydutyowedbyanypersonorentitytosomeoneelse.Anyoneusingthisdocumentshouldrelyonhisorherownindependentjudgmentor,asappropriate,seektheadviceofacompetentprofessionalindeterminingtheexerciseofreasonablecareinanygivencircumstances.Informationandotherstandardsonthetopiccoveredbythispublicationmaybeavailablefromothersources,whichtheusermaywishtoconsultforadditionalviewsorinformationnotcoveredbythispublication.NEMAhasnopower,nordoesitundertaketopoliceorenforcecompliancewiththecontentsofthisdocument.NEMAdoesnotcertify,test,orinspectproducts,designs,orinstallationsforsafetyorhealthpurposes.Anycertificationorotherstatementofcompliancewithanyhealthorsafety–relatedinformationinthisdocumentshallnotbeattributabletoNEMAandissolelytheresponsibilityofthecertifierormakerofthestatement.ANSIC18.3M,Part2-2003iAMERICANNATIONALSTANDARDApprovalofanAmericanNationalStandardrequiresverificationbyANSIthattherequirementsfordueprocess,consensus,andothercriteriaforapprovalhavebeenmetbythestandardsdeveloper.Consensusisestablishedwhen,inthejudgmentoftheANSIBoardofStandardsReview,substantialagreementhasbeenreachedbydirectlyandmateriallyaffectedinterests.Substantialagreementmeansmuchmorethanasimplemajority,butnotnecessarilyunanimity.Consensusrequiresthatallviewsandobjectionsbeconsidered,andthataconcertedeffortbemadetowardtheirresolution.TheuseofAmericanNationalStandardsiscompletelyvoluntary;theirexistencedoesnotinanyrespectprecludeanyone,whetherhehasapprovedthestandardornot,frommanufacturing,marketing,purchasing,orusingproducts,processes,orproceduresnotconformingtothestandards.TheAmericanNationalStandardsInstitutedoesnotdevelopstandardsandwillinnocircumstancesgiveaninterpretationofanyAmericanNationalStandard.Moreover,nopersonshallhavetherightorauthoritytoissueaninterpretationofanAmericanNationalStandardinthenameoftheAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute.Requestsforinterpretationsshouldbeaddressedtothesecretariatorsponsorwhosenameappearsonthetitlepageofthisstandard.CautionNotice:ThisAmericanNationalStandardmayberevisedorwithdrawnatanytime.TheproceduresoftheAmericanNationalStandardsInstituterequirethatactionbetakentoreaffirm,revise,orwithdrawthisstandardnolaterthanfiveyearsfromthedateofapproval.PurchasersofAmericanNationalStandardsmayreceivecurrentinformationonallstandardsbycallingorwritingtheAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute.PublishedbyNationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation1300North17thStreet,Rosslyn,VA22209Copyright2003bytheNationalElectricalManufacturersAssociation.Allrightsincludingtranslationintootherlanguages,reservedundertheUniversalCopyrightConvention,theBerneConventionortheProtectionofLiteraryandArtisticWorks,andtheinternationalandPanAmericanCopyrightConventions.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedinanyform,inanelectronicretrievalsystemorotherwise,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher.PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaANSIC18.3M,Part2-2003iiThispageintentionallyleftblank.ANSIC18.3M,Part2-2003iiiContentsPageForeword.............................................................................................