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400-080-6358一、GreatSoulsØ伟大的灵魂NelsonMandelaMandela,theSouthAfricanblackpoliticalleaderandformerpresident,wasawarded1993NobelPeacePrizeforhiseffortstoantiracismandantiapartheid.NelsonMandelaisoneofthegreatmoralandpoliticalleadersofourtime:aninternationalherowhoselifelongdedicationtothefightagainstracialoppressioninSouthAfricawonhimtheNobelPeacePrizeandthepresidencyofhiscountry.Sincehistriumphantreleasein1990frommorethanaquarter-centuryofimprisonment,Mandelahasbeenatthecentreofthemostcompellingandinspiringpoliticaldramaintheworld.AspresidentoftheAfricanNationalCongressandheadofSouthAfrica'santiapartheidmovement,hewasinstrumentalinmovingthenationtowardmultiracialgovernmentandmajorityrule.Heisreveredeverywhereasavitalforceinthefightforhumanrightsandracialequality.(138)ØGandhiMahatmaGandhiwasthepre-eminentpoliticalandspiritualleaderofIndiaduringtheIndianindependencemovement.Hewasthepioneeroftheresistancetotyrannythroughmasscivildisobedience,firmlyfoundedupontotalnon-violence—whichledIndiatoindependenceandhasinspiredmovementsforcivilrightsandfreedomacrosstheworld.HeisofficiallyhonoredinIndiaastheFatheroftheNation.AfterassumingleadershipoftheIndianNationalCongressin1921,Gandhilednationwidecampaignstoeasepoverty,expandwomen'srights,buildreligiousandethnicamity,andincreaseeconomicself-reliance.Aboveall,heaimedtoachievetheindependenceofIndiafromforeigndomination.Laterhe400-080-6358(128)Additionally,Gandhiinfluencedimportantleadersandpoliticalmovements.LeadersofthecivilrightsmovementintheUnitedStates,includingMartinLutherKingandJamesLawson,drewfromthewritingsofGandhiinthedevelopmentoftheirowntheoriesaboutnon-violence.Anti-apartheidactivistandformerPresidentofSouthAfrica,NelsonMandela,wasinspiredbyGandhi.PriortobecomingPresidentoftheUnitedStates,then-SenatorBarackObamanotedthat:Throughoutmylife,IhavealwayslookedtoMahatmaGandhiasaninspiration,becauseheembodiesthekindoftransformationalchangethatcanbemadewhenordinarypeoplecometogethertodoextraordinarythings.ThatiswhyhisportraithangsinmySenateoffice:toremindmethatrealresultswillcomenotjustfromWashington–theywillcomefromthepeopMartinLutherKingMartinLutherKing,Jr.wasanAmericanclergyman,activistandprominentleaderintheAfrican-Americancivilrightmovement.HismainlegacywastosecureprogressoncivilrightsintheUnitedStatesandheisfrequentlyreferencedasahumanrightsicontoday.Kingledthe1955MontgomeryBusBoycottandhelpedfoundtheSouthernChristianLeadershipConferencein1957,servingasitsfirstpresident.King'seffortsledtothe1963MarchonWashington,whereKingdeliveredhisIHaveaDreamspeech.There,heraisedpublicconsciousnessofthecivilrightsmovementandestablishedhimselfasoneofthegreatestoratorsin400-080-6358(192)ØMotherTeresaMotherTeresawasanAlbanianRomanCatholicnunwithIndiancitizenshipwhofoundedtheMissionariesofCharityinCalcutta,Indiain1950.Forover45yearssheministeredtothepoor,sick,orphaned,anddying,whileguidingtheMissionariesofCharity‗sexpansion.MotherTeresa'sMissionariesofCharitycontinuedtoexpand,andatthetimeofherdeathitwasoperating610missionsin123countries,includinghospicesandhomesforpeoplewithHIV/AIDS,leprosyandtuberculosis,children'sandfamilycounselingprograms,andschools.Bythe1970sshewasinternationallyfamedasahumanitarianandadvocatedforthepoorandhelpless.ShewontheNobelPeacePrizein1979andIndia'shighestcivilianhonor,theBharatRatnain1980forherhumanitarianwork.(122)ØØSusanB.AnthonyAlthoughIamnotafeminist,IadmireSusanB.Anthonyforherdaringtoholdontoherviewevenbeingmockedcruellybyhercontemporaries.Atirelesscivilrightsworker,Anthonydevotedherlifetotheworkwhichhasguaranteedwomen‘s400-080-6358‘srightstovote,whichestablishedMargaretSangerMargaretSangersparkedthebirthcontrolmovementwiththepublicationofTheWomanRebel,inwhichsheencourageswomentoviewconceptionasachoiceratherthananobligation.In1923,hertirelesseffortsresultedintheestablishmentofAmerica'sfirstlegalbirthcontrolclinic,whichservedasacontraceptivedispensaryandresearchfacilityundertheauspicesoftheAmericanBirthControlLeague(oneofthegroupsthateventuallymorphedintoPlannedParenthood).Thebirthcontrolmovementhashadfar-reaching,worldwideimplications,fromwomen'srightstopopulatio