基于单片机的门禁系统的设计

洛阳理工学院毕业设计（论文）I基于单片机的门禁系统的设计摘要门禁系统采用89C52单片机作为控制核心，外围加蜂鸣器控制电路、开门指示灯电路、电控锁控制电路以及LCD液晶显示电路等。门禁系统主要由CPU、工作指示电路、振荡电路、蜂鸣器电路、门控锁电路、矩阵键盘、读卡模块、显示模块等组成。该门禁系统采用射频卡完成刷卡进门，按刷卡出门等功能。其工作原理为：当刷卡时，蜂鸣器响一下，如卡权限获得允许，显示模块显示卡号，同时继电器动作将门锁打开，指示灯点亮，延时一段时间后继电器再次动作将门锁锁闭，指示灯熄灭。当按下出门按钮时，继电器动作将门锁打开，指示灯点亮，延时一段时间后继电器再次动作将门锁锁闭，指示灯熄灭。当输入初始密码时，若输入正确，继电器动作将门锁打开，指示灯点亮，延时一段时间后继电器再次动作将门锁锁闭。此外，程序中还增加了射频卡权限判断的功能，当遇到合法卡时显示卡号，门锁打开，延时10s自动关闭，当遇到非法卡时不显示卡号门锁不开。本系统设计简单、性能优良，具有一定的实用性。关键词：门禁，射频卡，电控锁，液晶显示，单片机控制洛阳理工学院毕业设计（论文）IIAccessControlSystemDesignABSTRACTEntranceguardsystemuses89C52singlechipmicrocomputerascontrolcoreandperipheryaddabuzzercontrolcircuit,openthedoorindicatorlightcircuit,controlcircuitandcontrollockLCDdisplaycircuit,etc.EntranceguardsystemmainlybytheCPUandresetcircuit,thepowerindicativecircuit,workinstructionscircuit,oscillatingcircuit,abuzzercircuit,doorcontrolcircuit,gooutandlockbuttonreadingcardmodule,displaymodule.Theentranceguardsystemusesrfcardcompletechargetakethedoor,accordingtocredittogoout,andotherfunctions.Itsworkingprincipleis:whencredit,abuzzerrang,suchascardtobeallowedtoaccess,displaymoduledisplaycardnumber,andatthesametimerelayactionwillopenthedoorlock,indicatorlight,delayafterperiodoftimerelayactionwillagainonlydoorlock,lightsgoout.Whenthepressoutbutton,therelayactionwillopenthedoorlock,indicatorlight,delayafterperiodoftimerelayactionwillagainonlydoorlock,lightsgoout.Whentheinputpassword,ifyouinputthecorrect,relayactionwillopenthedoorlock,indicatorlight,delayafterperiodoftimerelayactionwilllockdoorlockagain.Inaddition,theprogramwillalsoincreasetherfcardauthorityjudgmentfunction,whenfacinglegalcardshowedthecardnumber,dooropen,delay10sautomaticallyshutoff,whenmeetingtheillegalCARDSdon'tshowthecardnumberlocksdon'topen.Thesystemissimpleindesign,goodperformance,andhaspracticalvalue!KEYWORDS:AccessControl,RadioFrequencyCard,ElectronicallyControlledLock,LCD,MCU洛阳理工学院毕业设计（论文）III目录基于单片机的门禁系统的设计..........................................................I前言..................................................................................................1第1章概述......................................................................................21.1系统方案的比较...................................................................21.1.1选题论证.....................................................................21.1.2方案选择.....................................................................21.1.3CPU的选择.................................................................31.1.4射频卡的选择.............................................................41.1.5液晶显示的选择.........................................................4第2章硬件电路的设计...................................................................52.1电路原理...............................................................................52.1.1门禁系统主要组成.....................................................52.1.2门禁系统工作原理.....................................................52.2资源分配...............................................................................62.3最小系统设计.......................................................................62.3.189C52的简述..............................................................62.4最小系统的设计...................................................................8第3章硬件电路原理.....................................................................103.1门控锁电路.........................................................................103.2蜂鸣器电路.........................................................................103.3控制指示灯.........................................................................113.44×4矩阵键盘......................................................................113.5读卡模块.............................................................................123.6显示模块.............................................................................143.6.1LCD1602主要技术参数...........................................143.6.2引脚功能说明............................................................143.6.31602指令集...............................................................163.6.4与HD44780相兼容的芯片时序表..........................17洛阳理工学院毕业设计（论文）IV第4章软件设计.............................................................................194.1Keil简介..............................................................................194.1.1KeilC51系统概述......................................................194.1系统主程序分析.................................................................234.2子程序分析.........................................................................244.2.1显示程序...................................................................244.2.2键盘程序...................................................................31结论................................................................................................38谢辞................................................................................................39参考文献..........................................................................................40附录............................................