Chinese american

ChineseAmericansBySherrywang•BasicInformation•ChineseAmericansareAmericansofChinesedescent（具有华人血统的美国籍公民）.•Upto2007,thepopulationofChineseAmericanis3,538,407,makingup23.3%ofthetotalnumberofAsianAmerican（亚裔美国人）and1%oftheAmericanpopulation.•3,794,673,1.2%oftheU.S.population(2010)•TheHistoryofChineseAmericans’MigrationtoAmerica美籍华人移民美国史•TheSocialStatusofChineseAmericans美籍华人的社会地位•StatisticsoftheChinesepopulationintheUnitedStates(1840–present)•ChineseAmericans’ContributionstoAmericanSociety美籍华人对美国社会的贡献TheHistoryofChineseAmericans’MigrationtoAmerica•ThefirstChineseimmigrantsarrivedin1820accordingtoAmericangovernmentrecords.Fewerthan1,000menareknowntohavearrivedbeforetheCaliforniaGoldRush（加州淘金潮）in1848.•MostoftheearlyimmigrantswereyoungmaleswithloweducationallevelsfromtheGuangdongprovince.•Chinesewerebanned（禁止）fromimmigratingbetween1885and1943,whentheChineseExclusionAct（排华法案）wasineffect.TheHistoryofChineseAmericans’MigrationtoAmerica•Sincetherepeal（撤销）oftheActin1943,immigrationofChinesecontinuedtobeheavilyrestricted（限制）until1965.•Duringthe1970s,themajorityofChineseAmericanswasfromHongKong,followedbyTaiwan,withrelativelyfewimmigrantscomingfrommainlandChina.•Duringthe1980s,immigrantsfrommainlandChinaformedalargerproportionofChineseimmigratingtotheUnitedStates.Inthesecategories,ChineseAmericansevenoutperform（胜过）Whites.ChineseAmericansseemtohavedonesowellthattheyareproclaimedtobe（被赞扬为）the“modelminority”（模范少数民族）.CollegeDegree大学学位(%)HighSkillOccupation高端技术职业(%)FamilyIncome家庭年收入($)ChineseAmericans42.934.659,000Whites25.321.448,500Blacks13.612.333,300NativeAmericanIndians10.811.932,240Latinos/Hispanics9.99.636,000ModelMinority•Concept•Modelminorityreferstoaminoritygroupwhosemembersachieveahigherdegreeofsuccessthanthepopulationaverage.•Thesuccessistypicallymeasuredineducation,income,lowcrimerateandhighfamilystability.•IntheUnitedStates,thetermisassociatedwithAsianAmericans,primarilyChinese,Korean,JapaneseandIndian.•Onthesurface,itmaysoundrathergoodtobedescribedas“modelminority”.•However,aswewillseenext,manyexamplesandstatisticsshowthatChineseAmericansarestillthetargetsofdiscriminationandthatthemodelminorityimageisamyth（虚构）,notafact.(seewhy–education,successincareers,familyincome)ModelMinority模范少数民族TheMythofModelMinority“模范少数民族”的虚构（1）-EducationCollegeDegree大学学位%ChineseAmericans42.9Whites25.3Blacks13.6NativeAmericanIndians10.8Latinos/Hispanics9.9•NearlyhalfofChineseAmericanshaveearnedcollegedegree.•Therearestill18.5percentofChineseAmericanswhohaven’tgraduatedfromhighschool,comparedto15.9percentoftheAmericangeneralpopulation.TheMythofModelMinority“模范少数民族”的虚构（2）-SuccessinCareersHighSkillOccupation高端技术职业%ChineseAmericans34.6Whites21.4Blacks12.3NativeAmericanIndians11.9Latinos/Hispanics9.6•UnlikeBlacks,ChineseAmericanshavemigratedtoAmericavoluntarily（自发地）.Thatistosay,ingeneral,inordertogotoAmerica,onehavetobeanelite（精英）beforehegoabroad.TheMythofModelMinority“模范少数民族”的虚构（2）-SuccessinCareersHighSkillOccupation高端技术职业%ChineseAmericans34.6Whites21.4Blacks12.3NativeAmericanIndians11.9Latinos/Hispanics9.6•Inotherwords,thesuccessincareersofmanyChineseAmericansismainlyduetotheeliteeducation（精英教育）andmiddle-classbackground（中产阶级背景）theybroughtwiththemfromtheircountriesoforigin,notthechancesthatAmericaofferstothem.•Asawhole,ChineseAmericanfamilieshavehigherincomesthanWhitefamilies.•However,thisisbecauseinmostcases,thetypicalChineseAmericanfamilytendstohavemorememberswhoareworkingthanthetypicalWhitefamily.FamilyIncome家庭年收入$ChineseAmericans59,000Whites48,500Blacks33,300NativeAmericanIndians32,240Latinos/Hispanics36,000TheMythofModelMinority“模范少数民族”的虚构（3）-FamilyIncomeFamilyIncome家庭年收入$ChineseAmericans59,000Whites48,500Blacks33,300NativeAmericanIndians32,240Latinos/Hispanics36,000TheMythofModelMinority“模范少数民族”的虚构（3）-FamilyIncome•AnotherreasonwhyChineseAmericanfamiliestendtomakemorethanWhitefamiliesisbecauseChineseAmericansaremuchmorelikelytoconcentrateinmetropolitanareas（大都市地区）wherethecostoflivingismuchhigher.FamilyIncome家庭年收入$ChineseAmericans59,000Whites48,500Blacks33,300NativeAmericanIndians32,240Latinos/Hispanics36,000TheMythofModelMinority“模范少数民族”的虚构（3）-FamilyIncome•Therefore,ChineseAmericansmayearnmorebuttheyalsohavetospendmoretosurvive.•Infact,researchshowsthatwithinthesemetropolitanareas,ChineseAmericanincomesarestillbehindthatofWhites.BackTheSocialStatusofChinese-Americans美籍华人的社会地位（1）•Prejudice&Pressure•Inmanyways,ChineseAmericansarestillthetargetsofmuchprejudice,stereotypes,anddiscrimination.•Thebeliefthat“allChinesearesmart”putsatremendousamountofpressureonmanyyoungChineseAmerican.Manyarenotabletoconformto（符合）thisunrealisticexpectationandinfact,theyhaveahighschooldropoutrateinthecountry.TheSocialStatusofChinese-Americans美籍华人的社会地位（2）•Disparity（悬殊）amongChineseAmericans•TheincomeandsocialstatusofChineseAmericanvarywidely.•AlthoughmanyChineseAmericansinlargecitiesareoftenwell-educatedupper-classpeople,stillmanyothersaremembersofapoorworkingclass.BackStatisticsoftheChinesepopulationintheUnitedStates(1840–present)Accordingtothe2012Censusestimat