大学英语四级名词性从句

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引导名词性从句的连接词一、引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:连接词:that,whether,if不充当从句的任何成分连接代词:what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.连接副词:when,where,how,why二、不可省略的连词:1.介词后的连词2.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.三、whether与if均为是否的意思。但在下列情况下,只用whether:1.whether引导主语从句并在句首2.引导表语从句和同位语从句3.whether从句作介词宾语Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus.4.后面直接跟动词不定时Hedoesn’tknowwhethertostayornot.5.从句后有ornotWedidn’tknowwhetherornotshewasready.6.引导让步状语从句,只能用whetherWhetheryoulikeitornot,youmustdoitwell.主语从句学习指要用来作主语的句子叫做主语从句。如:(1)Whenhewasbornisunknown.他生于何时还不知道。(2)Whathedidlastnightisbeinginvestigated.他昨天晚上干了些什么正在调查之中。引导主语从句的词有:连词:that,whether,if(只限it作形式主语时用)疑问代词:who,what,which疑问副词:when,where,how,why在主语从句中须注意:1.主语从句一般用it作形式主语,放在句首,而将主语从句放到句末。如:(1)Itispossiblethathehasstolenthecar.很可能他偷了小车。(2)Isn’titstrangethatheshouldnothavepassedthetest?他测试没有通过,难道不奇怪吗?2.if引导主语从句时,只能用it作形式主语,放在句首,而将if引导的主语从句放到句末。如:ItisuncertainifhewillleaveforBeijingtomorrow.明天他是否去北京还不敢肯定。3.that引导主语从句放在句首时,that不可省。如:Thathewasillyesterdayisknownnow.大家都已知道他昨天生了病。4.主语从句中主句的谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式,但what引导主语从句的主句谓语动词的形式须根据句子的意思来判断。(1)Howheworkeditoutisstillasecret.他是如何把它做出来的还是一个秘密(2)WhattheymakeinthisfactoryareTVsets.他们在工厂里所做的东西就是电视机。常规主语从句例子:(1)Thathefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttimesurprisedusall.(2)Whetherwewillgoforanoutingtomorrowremainsunknown.(3)Whowillbeourmonitorhasn'tbeendecidedyet.(4)Whomwemuststudyforisaquestionofgreatimportance.(5)Whatcausedtheaccidentremainsunknown.It作形式主语例子:(1)Itiscertainthathewillwinthematch.(2)Itistruethathehasmadeaveryimportantdiscoveryinchemistry(3)Itisapitythatwewon'tbeabletogotothesouthtospendoursummervacation.(4)Itisstillamysterywhatcausedtheaccident.(5)ItisknowntoallthatthegunpowderwasfirstinventedbytheChinese.(6)Itissuggestedthattheworkshouldbedonewithgreatcare.(7)Itseemsthathehasseenthefilm.(=Heseemstohaveseenthefilm)(8)Ithappenedthatthetwocheatswerethere.(=Thetwocheatshappenedtobethere)用it作形式主语的结构:(1)Itis+名词+从句Itisafactthat…事实是…Itisanhonorthat…非常荣幸Itiscommonknowledgethat…是常识(2)itis+形容词+从句Itisnaturalthat…很自然…Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是…(3)itis+不及物动词+从句Itseemsthat…似乎…Ithappenedthat…碰巧…(4)it+过去分词+从句Itisreportedthat…据报道…Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证实…主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况:(1)if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。(2)Itissaid,(reported)…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:ItissaidthatPresidentJingowillvisitourschoolnextweek.(3)Ithappens…,Itoccurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.(4)Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如:Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?宾语从句学习指要用来充作宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。如:Heaskedwhatyouweredoinglastnight.他问你昨天夜晚在干什么。Ididn’tknowthathewaswoundedintheaccident.我原来不知道他在那事故中受了伤。Canyouexplainwhyhedidn’tcometothepartylastSunday?你能解释上周星期日他为什么没有来参加聚会吗?引导宾语从句的词有:连词:that,whether,if疑问代词:who,what,which,whose疑问副词:when,where,how,why在宾语从句中须注意:1.that在口语中常被省略,但在正式的文体中,不能省;并且它一般不能引导介词的宾语从句,但可引导except,but,in等少数介词的宾语从句。如:Ididn’tknow(that)hewasLiLei.我不知道他就是李蕾。IwilldoanythingIcantohelpyouexceptthatI’mill.只要我身体舒服,我愿做任何事情来帮助你。2.如果主句的谓语动词是及物动词make,find,see,hear,think,consider等,且宾语从句之后带有补足语成分时,一般须用it作形式宾语,把宾语从句放到句末,此时的that不能省。如:Theboyhasmadeitclearthattheycan’tplaywithhistoys.那个男孩已清楚的表明他们不能玩弄他的玩具。3.动词advise,ask,demand,desire,insist(坚决主张),order,propose,request,suggest(建议)等代的宾语从句须用虚拟语气,即:(should)do的形式。Heaskedthatwe(should)gettherebeforenineo’clock.他要求我们在九点钟之前赶到那儿。Theteacheradvisedusthatwe(should)notwasteourtime.老师劝告我们不要浪费时间了。4.宾语从句的时态与主句的时态须呼应。即:1)当主句谓语动词的时态是现在时或将来时,从句的谓语动词可用任何所需要的时态表示。如:Healwayssaysthatheisourgoodfriend.他总是说他是我们的好朋友。Whentheteacherknowswhatwehavedone,hewillsaythatwehavedoneagooddeed.当老师知道我们所干的事情时,他会说我们做了一件好事。2)当主句谓语动词的时态为过去时,从句的谓语动词须用响应的过去时。如:Hedidn’ttellushecamefromShanghai.他没有告诉我们他来自上海。Hesaidhehadreadthebook.他说他读过这本书。3)但当从句的内容是客观真理或客观事实,而不受时间的限制时,即使主句谓语动词为过去时,从句仍用一般现在时。如:ChairmanMaosaidthatalltheimperialistsarepapertigers.毛主席说一切帝国主义者都是纸老虎。Whenwewerechildren,weweretoldthatChinaisintheeastoftheworld.我们还是小孩子的时候,人们就告诉我们说中国在世界的东方。一些作表语的形容词之后可带宾语从句,如:sure,happy,glad,certain,confident,aware,afraid,pleased,sorry,surprised,amazed等。Iamsurethathewillpasstheexam.表语从句学习指要当一个子句充当句子的表语时,这个子句就叫做表语从句。如:MyideaisthathecanteachchildrenEnglishinthisschool.我的想法是他能够在这所学校教孩子们英语。Myhopeisthathewillkeepitasecretforever.我的希望是它将永远保守秘密。引导表语从句的词有:连词:that,whether,asif疑问代词:who,what,which疑问副词:when,where,how,why表语从句中应注意:1.连接词that一般不能省略,但当主句中含动词do的某种形式时,that可以省略。如:WhatIwanttodois(that)Icangouptohimandthankhim.我想做的事是走到身边去感谢他。2.当句子的主语是:advice,demand,decision,desire,idea,insistence,instruction,order,plan,proposal,recommendation,request,requirement,suggestion,wish等名词时,表语从句须用虚拟语气,即:should+do。如:Myadviceisthatyoushouldgotoapologizetohim.我的建议是你应该去向他道歉。同位语从句学习指要当名词后面所接的从句表示与名词同位并为名词的实际内容时,这个从句就是同位语从句。如:ThenewsthatChinahasjoinedtheWTOexcitedusall.中国加入了世界贸易组织这一消息使我们大家兴奋不已。Hetoldusthetruththathefelldownfromhisbikethisafternoon.他告诉了我们他从单车上摔下来这一真相。引导同位语从句的词有:连词:that,whether疑问副词:when,where,how,why同位语中应注意:1.能带同位语从句的名词不多,常见的有:answer,belief,conclusion,decision,discovery,doubt,explanation,fact,hope,idea,information,kno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