医学实验动物福利伦理问题分析

(),,,,,[],,,3R,[];;;[]R197.32[]A[]100828199(2010)0420397204:(06070171);(BR2006034);;(09MA085):210002,[()],():,E-mail:[e-mail]callaboratoryanimalsYUNShi2feng1,TIANXiao2yun1,DONGMing1,ZHANGLi2bo1,GUOLian2qing1,YANGGuo2bin2(1.DepartmentofComparativeMedicine;2.DepartmentofMedialAffairs,NanjingGeneralHospitalofNanjingMilitaryCommand,PLA,Nanjing210002,Jiangsu,China)[Abstract]Laboratoryanimalsconstituteanimportantbaseandanindispensablesupportforresearchesanddevelopmentoflifesciences,andcontributeimmenselytomedicineandpeople’shealth.Butaseriesofethicissueshavepromptedpeopletoponderhowtocorrectlytreatthelifeoflaboratoryanimals,howtosafeguardtheirwelfare,andhowtomakeanimalexperimentsinaccordancewiththeprinciplesoflifeethics.Thispaperpresentsanoverviewontheoriginanddevelopmentofanimalwelfareandethics,theappearanceofthe3Rtheoryandthelegislationforlaboratoryanimalwelfareandethicsintheworld,givesananalysisontherelationshipofanimalexperimentswiththewelfareandethicsofanimalsandtheinfluencingfactorsofanimalwelfareandethics,andputsforwardsomemeasuresandproposalsfortheimprovementofthewelfareandethicsoflaboratoryanimalsinChina.[Keywords]Medicine;Laboratoryanimal;Welfare;Ethics0,2000,,,[1],,,,,,,??[1-2],1,,,,,79320104234JMedPostgra,Vol.23,No.4,April,2010©1994-2011ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[2-4]?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,[5]219,,1822,,,,,1975,,,100[1,3],,,1988,,[2],,,WTO,,,,,(SARS)(PRRS)H1N1,,,,,[5-7]33R,1959,RussellBurch3R,(Replacement)(Reduction)(Refine2ment),;,,;,,,,3R,,,[8-9]44.1,1966,,,1986112489320104234JMedPostgra,Vol.23,No.4,April,2010©1994-2011ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(OECD),[2,10]4.21988,200111,22006,200611711(),6,,,,,,,,,[10-12]55.1,,,[13]5.2,;,[11,13-15];,,,,,,5.3,,;,,,,,,,,,12,,34d1,[7,15]5.4,,;,,,,,,,,[10,15-16]66.1,,,,,,,[2,4,6,12],,()6.2,,,,,,,,,,,99320104234JMedPostgra,Vol.23,No.4,April,2010©1994-2011ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[15-16]6.3,,,,,(),(),(),,,,,,,,,[6,10,15]6.4,,,,,,[6,16]6.5,,,,,,,[16-17],,,;,,,,,,,3R,,[18][1]SingerP.[J].,2004,17(2):31234,36.[2],,.[M].:,2004:12182.[3],.[J].,2004,14(2):1232128.[4],.[J].,2003,16(5):29230,32.[5].[J].,2005(11):34238.[6],,,.[J].(),2008,29(6):57258.[7],,,.[J].,2004,14(6):3812383.[8].3R[J].,2007,20(5):48250.[9],.3R[J].,2006,34(3):53256.[10],,,.[J].,2001,11(1):62264.[11],.[J].,2007,24(1):54256.[12],,,.[J].,2007,24(5):65268.[13],,.[J].,2008,25(4):73275.[14],,,.[J].,2008,22(4):2282229.[15],,,.[J].,2005,18(2):1862187.[16],,,.[J].,2004,14(6):328.[17],,,.[J].,2005,15(4):234.[18],,,.[J].,2009,22(8):8582861.(:2009211205;:2010201219)(:;:)00420104234JMedPostgra,Vol.23,No.4,April,2010©1994-2011ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.