四六级大学英语语法小总结

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四六级大学英语语法小总结一.四六级中虚拟语气用法的总结虚拟语气在英语里主要用来表达:a.非真实的情景,不可能发生的事,即某种与事实相反或难以实现的情况,或说话人主观愿望。b.与客观事实相反地情景,即强制性虚拟语气,表示建议、命令、劝告这一类的意思上,表示强烈的要求做到、必须做到这样的含义。c.虚拟语气的表达形式是通过动词的变化形式表达的,其特点是主从句时态的不一致,而且一般有明显得标志。虚拟语气的考点为:wouldrather+that从句+一般过去时:Itisvital/necessary/important/urgent/imperative/desirable/advisable/natural/essential+that+动词原形;Itistime/abouttime/hightime+that+一般过去时:proposal/suggestion+that+动词原形;lest+that+should+动词原形;ifonly+that+would+动词原形。If句型(共有三种句型)非真实条件句1.与现在的事实相反:从句用一般过去时,主句的谓语用would(could,might)+动词原形IfIwereBillGates,Iwouldnotworksohardeveryday.2.与过去的事实相反:从句用过去完成时,主句的谓语用would(could,might)+现在完成时IfIhadgonetoAmericawhenIgraduatedfrommiddleschool,IwouldhavegotmyPhDdegree.3.与将来的事实相反:从句用should(wereto,did)+动词原形,主句的谓语用would(could,might)+动词原形Ifitshould/weretosnowtomorrow,Iwouldgoskiing.注意:在虚拟语气的从句中,动词'be'的过去时态一律用were,不用wasIfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.如果我是你,就会去找他。Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.如果他在这儿,一切都会好的。虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were,should,或had,可将if省略,再把were,should或had移到从句句首,实行倒装。Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.典型例题_____todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.A.IfwereIB.IwereC.WereID.WasI答案C.在虚拟条件状语中如果有were,should,had这三个词,通常将if省略,主语提前,变成were,should,had+主语的形式。但要注意,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说WereInottodo.,而不能说Weren'tItodo.混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主,从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句。例如:条件句动作发生在过去,主句的动作发生在现在)谓语动词要根据表示的时间进行调整。Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。)Ifithadrainedlastnight(过去),itwouldbeverycoldtoday(现在).Wish句型表达“但愿…,要是…多好”的语气表示与事实相反的情况,或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为:真实状况wish后从句动作先于主句动词动作现在时过去时(be的过去式为were)从句动作与主句动作同时发生过去时过去完成时(had+过去分词)将来不大可能实现的愿望将来时would/could+动词原形IwishIwereastallasyou.我希望和你一样高。Hewishedhehadn'tsaidthat.他希望他没讲那样的话。Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.我希望明天下雨就好了。Wishtodo表达法Wishsb/sthtodoIwishtoseethemanager.=Iwanttoseethemanager.Iwishthemanagertobeinformedatonce.(=Iwantthemanagertobeinformedatonce.)在强制性语气的宾语从句中的运用即表示建议、命令、劝告、决心等主观色彩的动词+that+(should)+动词原形,其中should经常被省略。这类动词包括:suggest,propose,recommend,demand,order,command,desire,require,insist,advise,decree(发布命令;下令),determine,prefer,stipulate,move(动议,规定),direct(命令),maintain(坚持),decide,askIsuggestthatyou(should)notbelateagainnexttime.Ipreferthatyou(should)notdothat.我认为你还是别干那件事的好。注意一:以上动词转化为名词(如:suggestion,proposal,demand,order,command,advice,desire,requirement,request,agreement,determination,preference,resolution,indication等)后接同位语从句或表语从句时,从句要求用虚拟语气,其谓语部分用“(should)+动词原形”(should可省略)。例:1998年6月四级第68题Weareallforyourproposalthatdiscussion_____.a.beputoffb.wasputoffc.shouldputoffd.istoputoff全句意思是:我们都赞成你的建议,把讨论推迟。答案是A。Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussionbeputoff.Hisdemandisthatallofus(should)bepresentatthemeeting.注意二:以上这类动词中有时候有的动词的宾语从句不用虚拟语气,必须根据句子的意思来判断。Whathesaidsuggested(表明)thathedidnotagreewithus.Itis/was+形容词/过去分词+that+(should)+动词原形这些形容词主要表示必要性、重要性、强制性、合适性、义务性,即某人对某事的反应。important,natural,desirable,possible,astonishing,advisable(可取的,明智的),anxious,appropriate,compulsory(义务的;强制的;强迫的),crucial(至关紧要的),eager,essential,fitting,imperative(命令的,强制的,必要的),improper,natural,necessary,obligatory(义不容辞的,必须的),preferable,proper,urgent,vital,willingshocked,requestedItwasessentialthattheapplicationformsbesentbackbeforethedeadline.Itisrequestedthatavotebetaken.有人提请投票表决。Itisnecessarythatweallshoulddoourbesttoprotectenvironmentaroundus.注意:表示不可思议、滑稽、不可想象、令人吃惊这样的形容词如amazing,strange,odd,ridiculous,surprising,unthinkable,incredible等后的that从句中should一般不省略,而且翻译为“竟然”,表示说话人的惊异、懊悔、失望等情感。Itissurprisingthattheyshouldpassthetimelikethat.ItisincrediblethatJaneshouldhavefinishedherpapersosoon.Itisstrangethatthereshouldbeanyhopeoffindingthelostchild.wouldrather…,wouldsooner…,hadrather…,wouldjustassoon…,wouldprefer…意为“宁可,但愿”从句用虚拟语气,若表示现在或将来的事情,谓语用过去时;若表示过去的动作,用过去完成时。Iwouldratherthatyoupaintedtheroomgreen.I’djustassoonyouhadreturnedthebookyesterday.在lestthat…,forfearthat…,incasethat…表示“唯恐,以免”引导的表示消极意义的目的主语从句中常用虚拟语气,从句用should+动词原形。Heputhiscoatoverthechildforfear(lest)thatheshouldcatchcold.Heemphasizeditagainandagainlestshe(should)forget.Takeahatwithyouincasethesunisveryhot(注意:该句陈述某一事实)含蓄虚拟条件句含蓄虚拟条件句是指没有出现由if引导的条件句,而条件句的意思是用其他方式表达的。如:without,butfor,otherwise,or,butthat,given,provided,supposing,wereitnotfor等等。Withoutyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkontime.ButfortheEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastnight.Iwouldn'thavesucceededwithoutyourhelp.Wedidn’tknowhistelephonenumber;otherwisewewouldhavetelephonedhim.虚拟语气在定语从句中的应用It’s(about/high/good)timethat…,表示“该是。。。的时候了”,含有“晚一点”的意思,表示建议现在应该做什么事,从句一般用一般过去时。例:1995年6月四级第43题It'salready5o'clocknow.Don'tyouthinkit'sabouttime_____?A.wearegoinghomeB.ifsheleavesC.wewenthomeD.ifshehadleft现在已经十六点钟了,难道你不认为该回家了吗?(答案是C)It’stimeyouwenttobed.It’shightimethatwetookaction.虚拟语气在状语从句中的应用虚拟语气在asif/asthough引导的方式状语从句中的应用(谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同)(一)表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑,谓语动词用过去式。例如:①Hefeltasifhealonewereresponsibleforwhathadhappened.他感到仿佛唯独他要对发生的一切负责。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