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1超声波具有指向性强，能量消耗缓慢，传播距离较远等优点，所以，在利用传感器技术和自动控制技术相结合的测距方案中，超声波测距是目前应用最普遍的一种，它广泛应用于防盗、倒车雷达、水位测量、建筑施工工地以及一些工业现场。本课题详细介绍了超声波传感器的原理和特性，以及Atmel公司的AT89C51单片机的性能和特点，并在分析了超声波测距的原理的基础上，指出了设计测距系统的思路和所需考虑的问题，给出了以AT89C51单片机为核心的低成本、高精度、微型化数字显示超声波测距仪的硬件电路和软件设计方法。该系统电路设计合理、工作稳定、性能良好、检测速度快、计算简单、易于做到实时控制，并且在测量精度方面能达到工业实用的要求。关键词关键词关键词关键词：超声波单片机测距AT89C51AbstractUltrasonicwavehasstrongpointingtonature,slowlyenergyconsumption,propagatingdistancefarther,so,inutilizingtheschemeofdistancefindingthatsensortechnologyandautomaticcontroltechnologycombinetogether,ultrasonicwavefindsrangetousethemostgeneraloneatpresent,itappliestoguardagainsttheft,movebackwardtheradar,waterlevelmeasuring,buildingconstructionsiteandsomeindustrialscenesextensively。Thissubjecthasintroducedprincipleandcharacteristicoftheultrasonicsensorindetail,andtheperformanceandcharacteristicofone-chipcomputerAT89C51ofAtmelCompany,andonthebasisofanalyzingprinciplethatultrasonicwavefindsrange,thesystematicthinkingandquestionsneededtoconsiderthathavepointedoutthatdesignsandfindsrange,providelowcost,thehardwarecircuitofhighaccuracy,ultrasonicrangefinderofminiaturedigitaldisplayandsoftwaredesign2methodtakingAT89C51asthecore,thiscircuitofsystemisreasonableindesign,workingstability,performancegoodmeasuringspeedingsoon,calculatingsimple,apttoaccomplishreal-timecontrol,andcanreachindustry'spracticaldemandinmeasuringtheprecision。KeyWords:Ultrasonicwave;One-chipcomputer;Rangefinding;AT89C目录第第第第1111章章章章超声波测距系统设计超声波测距系统设计超声波测距系统设计超声波测距系统设计................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................44441.1超声波测距的原理............................................................................................................41.2超声波测距系统电路的设计...............................................................................................51.2.1总体设计方案.............................................................................................................51.2.2发射电路的设计............................................................................................................51.2.3接收电路的设计............................................................................................................61.2.4显示模块的设计............................................................................................................71.3超声波测距系统的软件设计...............................................................................................81.4本章小结.............................................................................................................................10第第第第2222章章章章绪论绪论绪论绪论................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................101010102.1课题背景，目的和意义....................................................................................................102.2两种常用的超声波测距方案.............................................................................................112.2.1基于单片机的超声波测距系统..................................................................................112.2.2基于CPLD的超声波测距系统..................................................................................112.3课题主要内容.....................................................................................................................12第第第第3333章章章章超声波传感器超声波传感器超声波传感器超声波传感器................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................131313133.1超声波传感器的原理与特性.............................................................................................133.1.1原理..............................................................................................................................133.1.2特性..............................................................................................................................143.2超声波传感器的检测方式.................................................................................................163.3超声波传感器系统的构成......