12015年职称英语等级考试(综合类)-----word版考试专用涂红颜色部分为2016年教材新增文章(与2015年综合教材对比)涂绿颜色部分为2015年教材新增文章(与2014年综合教材对比)目录说明:本书目录中未加符号标的文章难度相当于C级考试水平,供报考C级考试的学员阅读;标有“*”的文章相当于B级考试水平;标有“+”的文章,相当于A级考试水平。我们希望,报考B级的学员同时阅读未加标注的文章,报考A级的学员同时阅读标有“*”的文章。第一部分词汇选项词汇学习1-10第二部分阅读判断*第五篇PlantsandMankind*第六篇Brands*第七篇ModerateEarthquakeStrikesEngland*第八篇EasyLearning*第九篇WhatIsaDream?*第十篇TheWorkers'RoleinManagement第三部分概括大意与完成句子*第六篇HowWeFormFirstImpression*第七篇HowtoArguewithYourBoss*第八篇ScreenTest*第九篇TransportandTrade*第十篇WashoeLearnedAmericanSignLanguage第四部分阅读理解*第十七篇EiffelIsanEyeful引人注目的埃菲尔铁塔*第十八篇GoalofAmericanEducation美国教育的目标*第十九篇TheFamily家庭*第二十篇TalesoftheTerriblePast讲述可怕的过去*第二十一篇SpacinginAnimals动物的空间距离*第二十二篇SomeThingsWeKnowaboutLanguage我们知道的关于语言的一些事情*第二十三篇TheOnlyWayIsUp只好向上*第二十四篇TheRomanceofArthur(2015年新增)*第二十五篇Income收入*第二十六篇SeeingtheWorldCenturiesAgo看许久以前的世界*第二十七篇ImportanceofServices服务业的重要性*第二十八篇TheNationalParkService国家公园的服务机构*第二十九篇I'llBeBach我是巴赫*第三十篇LuckyLordLucan-AliveorDead“幸运的”鲁肯伯爵一是死是活*第三十一篇PoolWatch泳池监护*第三十二篇TheCherokeeNation柴罗基部落*第三十三篇OseolaMcCarty老妇人第五部分补全短文*第六篇MobilePhones*第七篇TheApgarTest(2016年新增)*第八篇IceCreamTasterHasSweetJob(2016年新增)*第九篇Style,NotFashion(2015年新增)*第十篇AntsasaBarometerofEcologicalChange第六部分完形填空*6第六篇TeachingandLearning*7.第七篇TheDifferencebetweenManandComputer*8.第八篇LookonTheBrightSide*9.第九篇TheFirstBicycle*10.第十篇WorkingMothers第二部分阅读判断第八篇EasyLearningStudentsshouldbejealous.Notonlydobabiesgettodozetheirdaysaway,butthey’vealsomasteredthefineartoflearningintheirsleep.Bythetimebabiesareayearoldtheycanrecognisealotofsoundsandevensimplewords.MarieCheourattheUniversityofTurkuinFinlandsuspectedthattheymightprogressthisfastbecausetheylearnlanguagewhiletheysleepaswellaswhentheyareawake.Totestthetheory,Cheourandhercolleaguesstudied45newbornbabiesinthefirstfewdaysoftheirlives.TheyexposedalltheinfantstoanhourofFinnishvowelsounds—onethatsoundslike“oo”,anotherlike“ee”andathirdboundaryvowelpeculiartoFinnishandsimilarlanguagesthatsoundslikesomethinginbetween1.EEG2recordingsoftheinfantsbrainsbeforeandafterthesessionshowedthatthenewbornscouldnotdistinguishthesounds.Fifteenofthebabiesthenwentbackwiththeirmothers,whiletherestweresplitintotwosleep-studygroups3.Onegroupwasexposedthroughouttheirnight-timesleepinghourstothesamethreevowels,whiletheotherslistenedtoother,easier-to-distinguishvowelsounds.4Whentestedinthemorning,andagainintheevening,thebabieswho’dheardthetrickyboundaryvowelallnightshowedbrainwave2activityindicatingthattheycouldnowrecognisethisnewsound.Theycouldidentifythesoundevenwhenitspitchwaschanged,whilenoneoftheotherbabiescouldpickuptheboundaryvowelatall.Cheourdoesn’tknowhowbabiesaccomplishthisnight-timelearning,butshesuspectsthatthespecialabilitymightindicatethatunlikeadults,babiesdon’t“turnoff”theircerebralcortexwhiletheysleep.Theskillprobablyfadesinthecourseofthefirstyearoflife,sheadds—soforgettheideathatyoucanpickuptrickyFrenchvowelsasanadultjustbyslippingalanguagetapeunderyourpillow.Butwhileitmaynothelpgrown-ups,Cheourishopingtousethesleepinghourstogiveremedialhelptobabieswhoaregeneticallyatriskoflanguagedisorders.翻译:轻松学习学生应该嫉妒。婴儿们不只打他们的天了,但他们也在睡眠中掌握学习的艺术。当婴儿一岁,他们可以识别出很多声音,甚至简单的单词。位于芬兰的图尔库大学的玛丽Cheour怀疑他们进步这么快的原因可能是在睡觉的时候,以及他们醒着的时候他们学习语言。为了检验这一理论,Cheour和她的同事们在他们生命的最初几天,研究了45新生儿。他们让所有的婴儿在一个小时的芬兰元音-一个听起来像“oo”,另一个类似“ee”和三分之一的边界音芬兰语和类似语言特有的听起来像1。在此之前和之后的显示新生儿不能辨别声音的婴儿大脑的eeg2录音。十五的婴儿随他们的母亲回去了,而其余的被分成两个睡眠研究基群。一个组的婴儿夜间睡觉的时候同三个元音的录音,而其他人也听,更容易区分的元音。4在上午的测试时,又在晚上,谁会整夜听到棘手的边界音的婴儿显示出的脑波活动说明他们现在能够识别这个新声音。他们可以识别甚至当这个音的音调变化,而其他的婴儿不可能在所有的边界元音挑。Cheour不知道婴儿是如何完成这个夜间学习的,但是她怀疑这种特殊能力说明跟大人不一样,婴儿没有“关闭”,他们的大脑皮层在他们睡觉的时候。技能可能消失在生命的第一年的课程,她补充道,所以忘了的想法,你可以拿起棘手的法语元音只是把一盘语言录音带放在你的枕头下一个成人。但这并不能帮助成年人,Cheour希望利用睡眠时间的孩子的基因在语言障碍的风险给予补救。第九篇WhatIsaDream?Forcenturies,peoplehavewonderedaboutthestrangethingsthattheydreamabout.Somepsychologistssaythatthisnighttimeactivityofthemindhasnospecialmeaning.Others,however,thinkthatdreamsareanimportantpartofourlives.Infact,manyexpertsbelievethatdreamscantellusaboutaperson‘smindandemotions.Beforemoderntimes,manypeoplethoughtthatdreamscontainedmessagesfromGod.Itwasonlyinthetwentiethcenturythatpeoplestartedtostudydreamsinascientificway.TheAustrianpsychologist,SigmundFreud1,wasprobablythefirstpersontostudydreamsscientifically.Inhisfamousbook,TheinterpretationofDreams(1900),Freudwrotethatdreamsareanexpressionofaperson‘swishes.Hebelievedthatdreamsallowpeopletoexpressthefeelings,thoughts,andfearsthattheyareafraidtoexpressinreallife.TheSwisspsychiatristCarlJung2wasonceastudentofFreud‘s.Jung,however,hadadifferentideaaboutdreams.Jungbelievedthatthepurposeofadreamwastocommunicateamessagetothedreamer.Hethoughtpeoplecouldlearnmoreaboutthemselvesbythinkingabouttheirdreams.Forexample,peoplewhodreamaboutfallingmaylearnthattheyhavetoohighanopinionofthemselves.Ontheotherhand,peoplewhodreamaboutbeingheroesmaylearnthattheythinktoolittleofthemselves.Modern-daypsychologistscontinuetodeveloptheoriesaboutdreams.Forexample,psychologistWilliamDomhofffromtheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz,believesthatdreamsaretightlylinkedtoaperson‘sdailylife,thoughts,andbeha