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ICS29.020K60备案号：53939-2016准T/CEC169—2018电力储能用锂离子电池内短路测试方法Internalshort-circuittestmethodoflithiumionbatteryforelectricalenergystorage2018-01-24发布2018-04-01实施中国电力企业联合会发布成品：210*297版心：166*238字数：45字*43行天：35；地：24；订：24；切：20T/CEC169—2018I目次前言···································································································································································II1范围······························································································································································12规范性引用文件··········································································································································13术语和定义··················································································································································14试验原理······················································································································································15试验条件······················································································································································16试验步骤······················································································································································27检验规则······················································································································································48试验结果处理··············································································································································49试验报告······················································································································································4附录A（规范性附录）内短路测试样品准备······························································································5T/CEC169—2018II前言本标准按照GB/T1.1—2009《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准的结构和编写》给出的规则编写。请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别这些专利的责任。本标准由全国电力储能标准化技术委员会（SAC/TC550）提出并归口。本标准主要起草单位：中国电力科学研究院有限公司、清华大学、国网安徽省电力公司电力科学研究院、国网福建省电力公司电力科学研究院、深圳比亚迪锂电池有限公司、宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司、珠海银隆新能源股份有限公司。本标准主要起草人：高飞、杨凯、卢兰光、范茂松、惠东、刘力硕、王康康、刘皓、汪奂玲、胡娟、王高武、马达、张明杰、詹世英、刘伟、范元亮、耿萌萌。本标准在执行过程中的意见或建议反馈至中国电力企业联合会标准化管理中心（北京市白广路二条一号，100761）。T/CEC169—20181电力储能用锂离子电池内短路测试方法1范围本标准规定了电力储能用锂离子电池内短路测试的试验原理、试验条件、试验步骤、检验规则和试验结果处理等。本标准适用于矩形电力储能用锂离子电池（以下简称电池）。2规范性引用文件下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，仅注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本文件。GB/T2828.1计数型抽样检验GB/T10592高低温试验箱技术条件GB/T11651个体防护装备选用规范WB/T1061废蓄电池回收管理规范3术语和定义下列术语和定义适用于本文件。3.1电池单体cell实现化学能和电能相互转化的基本单元，由正极、负极、隔膜、电解质、壳体和端子等组成。3.2触发元件triggercomponent植入电池内部的可控触发内短路的金属元件。4试验原理采用记忆性金属合金制作成触发元件，利用其记忆特性，常温时保持表面平整，植入电池样品中，当温度升高时触发元件尖端翘起，刺穿隔膜，实现电池内部正极部分（包括正极极耳、正极集流体、正极活性物质）与负极部分（包括负极极耳、负极集流体、负极活性物质）之间的低阻性短接。5试验条件5.1环境条件5.1.1温度试验期间周围环境温度宜在25℃±2℃。5.1.2湿度试验期间周围环境湿度宜在15%～90%。T/CEC169—201825.1.3大气压力试验期间大气压力宜在86kPa～106kPa。5.2试验设备5.2.1充放电装置充放电装置应符合如下条件：a）测量范围：电压测量范围满足试验要求。b）控制精度：±0.1%FS（满量程）。c）测量准确度：±0.5%FS（满量程）。5.2.2尺寸测量装置尺寸测量装置的准确度为±1mm。5.2.3防爆型温箱防爆型温箱应符合如下条件：a）温度控制范围：30℃～150℃。b）温度准确度：±2℃范围内。c）升温速度：≥3℃/min。d）防爆等级：ExdⅡBT4。e）防爆型温箱其他要求应满足GB/T10592规定的高温试验箱技术条件。5.2.4热电偶热电偶应符合如下条件：a）测量范围：0℃～1000℃；b）测量准确度：±0.5℃。6试验步骤6.1一般要求6.1.1试验应在有充分安全保护的环境条件下进行，试验场地应具备消防设备。6.1.2试验人员应配备防毒面具、手套、防护眼镜、防护服等安全防护用品，防止试验过程中电池起火、燃烧、爆炸等对人体造成伤害。6.1.3安全防护用品须符合GB/T11651的规定并经国家相应的质检部门检测，具有生产许可证及编号标志、产品合格证者，方可使用。6.2样品准备6.2.1样品完全放电电池样品完全放电应按照如下程序：a）电池单体在25℃±2℃环境下搁置5h。b）以额定功率放电至电池单体的放电终止电压，静置30min。T/CEC169—201836.2.2样品制作植入触发元件的电池样品制作过程见附录A。6.2.3样品完全充电样品完全充电用符合如下条件：a）电池样品在25℃±2℃环境下搁置5h。b）以额定功率放电至电池单体的放电终止电压，静置30min。c）以额定功率充电至电池单体的充电终止电压，静置30min。6.2.4布置热电偶在电池样品表面布置3个热电偶，分别位于触发元件上方、下方及对侧表面几何中心，参考图1所示，根据实际情况可在其他位置添加布置热电偶。图1热电偶布置示意6.3温箱加热6.3.1预热将电池样品垂直放置或水平放置（触发元件侧向上）在温箱内，将温箱设置为30℃，保持10min。6.3.2加热电池样品的加热过程应符合如下程序：a）温箱按照5℃/min的速率升温。b）电池样品表面温度达到90℃之前，电池样品触发内短路（判定条件见表1），温箱停止加热。c）电池样品表面温度达到90℃之前，电池样品没有触发内短路，温箱升温至90℃，保持45min后停止加热。d）停止加热后，观察1h。e）记录a）～d）过程中电池样品的电压和温度，记录时间间隔1ms。f）记录a）～d）过程中的试验现象，包括样品是否出现鼓胀、燃烧、爆炸。6.4样品回收处理试验后电池样品的回收应按照如下流程：a）电池样品温度降至室温后，保持1h。b）将电池样品放入储存容器，容器应具有耐腐蚀、耐压、防火、防爆、绝缘、隔热的特性。c）将储存容器中的电池样品进行回收处理，参考WB/T1061的相关规定。T/CEC169—201847检验规则内短路测试类型、内短路判定条件和样品数量见表1。表1检验规则序号内短路测试类型内短路判定条件样品数量1正极材料-负极材料短路62正极铝集流体-负极材料短路电压相较初始电压下降超过100mV6注：电池样品抽样依据GB/T2828.1进行。8试验结果处理试验结果处理方法如下：a）计算电池样品从内短路触发到电压下降首次超过100mV经历的时间，按公式（1）计算：ΔT=T2−T1（1）式中：T1——电压开始下降时刻，s；T2——电池样品电压下降首次超过100mV的时刻，s；b）计算电池样品从内短路触发到试验终止时刻的电压变化值，按公式（2）计算：ΔU=UE−U1（2）式中：U1——电池样品内短路触发时刻的电压，V；UE——试验结束时刻电池样品的电压，V。c）计算电池样品内短路触发引起的温升值，按公式（3）计算：Δt=tM−t1（3）式中：t1——电池样品内短路触发时刻的温度，℃；tM——电池温度最大值，℃。9试验报告试验报告中应包含如下信息：a）样品名称；b）样品规格型号；c）样品电压与时间关系的曲线图；d）试验时间T1、T2、ΔT；e）样品电压U1、UE、ΔU；f）样品温度与时间关系的曲线图；g）样品温度t1、tM、Δt；h）样品试验过程中的试验现象观测结果（是否鼓胀、漏液、冒烟、燃烧、爆炸）；i）试验环境、试验日期和试验人员。T/CEC169—20185附录A（规范性附录）内短路测试样品准备A.1记忆合金触发元件的设计与加工A.1.1记忆合金触发元件材料测试中使用的触发元件可使用镍钛记忆合金材料，具体材料成分、性能如表A.1所示。表A.1记忆合金材料成分%（原子数）Ni，50.85%；O+N≤0.045%；C，0.007%；H，0.0009%；Ti≥49.09%相变温度℃40±3屈服应力MPa≥470拉伸极限应力MPa≥1390延伸率≥12%注：相变指金属材料在温度和压力改变时其内部组织或结构会发生变化，即从一种相状态到另一种相状态的转变；屈服应力指在材料拉伸或压缩过程中，当应力达到一定值时，应力有微小的增加而应变却急剧增长的现象称为屈服，使材料发生屈服时的