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英语初高中衔接音标音素和国际音标1．什么是音素：音素是语音的最小单位。2．音素的分类：元音和辅音。3．音素的个数：共48个，元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。4．国际音标：是由国际语音协会规定的一套音标，用来记录世界各主要语言的语音。5.音节：是读音的基本单位,核心是元音，元音可以单独构成音节，也可以和辅音一起构成音节。可以分为单音节，双音节和多音节。Eg.boyhearstudyteacherunderstandgovernmentnecessary5.开音节：a)辅音+元音+辅音+e:name,bike,home,due,planeb)辅音+元音:he,go,hi,do,be,tree,three,hello6.闭音节：a)辅音+元音+辅音:bad,bed,sit,hot,cup,let,madb)元音+辅音:it,is,of,in,on,up,out,ant7.重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。元音和辅音的定义：发音时声带振动，呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍，这样形成的语音称为元音。不论声带振动与否，发音时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定的阻碍，这样形成的语音称为辅音。发音时声带不振动的辅音称为清辅音。发音声带振动的辅音称为浊辅音。26个字母的书写和发音TheAlphabet元音长元音i:ɜ:ɔ:u:ɑ:短元音ɪəɒʊeæʌ双元音eɪaɪɔɪəʊaʊɪəeəʊə辅音清辅音ptkfθsʃʧtrʦh浊辅音bdgvðzʒdʒdrdz其它辅音mnŋrwj48个国际音标元音音标1./i:/eesee/si:/beef/bi:f/tree/tri:/green/gri:n/eaeat/i:t/sea/si:/tea/ti:/please/pli:z/iechief/tʃi:f/field/fi:ld/piece/pi:s/thief/θi:f/ehe/hi:/she/ʃi:/we/wi:/these/ði:z/2./ɪ/ibig/bɪg/it/ɪt/kid/kɪd/pig/pig/以y/ey结尾twenty/twenti/monkey/mʌŋki/money/mʌni/3./e/ehen/hen/egg/eg/red/red/pen/pen/eahead/hed/ready/redi/bread/bred/breakfast/brekfəst/4./æ/abag/bæg/cap/kæp/can/kæn/fat/fæt/5./ɑ:/aclass/klɑ:s/father/fɑ:ðə/pass/pɑ:s/arcar/kɑ:/card/kɑ:d/park/pɑ:k/6./ʌ/ubus/bʌs/cup/kʌp/duck/dʌk/ocome/kʌm/some/sʌm/mother/mʌðə/outouch/tʌtʃ/young/jʌŋ/country/kʌtri/7./ɒ/odog/dɒg/not/nɒt/cock/kɒk/shop/ʃɒp/awant/wɒnt/wash/wɒʃ/what/wɒt/8./ɔ:/aall/ɔ:l/ball/bɔ:l/call/kɔ:l/tall/ɔ:l/alchalk/tʃɔ:k/walk/wɔ:k/talk/tɔ:k/orfork/fɔ:k/horse/hɔ:s/sword/sɔ:d/aucause/kɔ:z/pause/pɔ:z/fault/fɔ:lt/awdraw/drɔ:/law/lɔ:/hawk/hɔ:k/9./ʊ/ulook/lʊk/put/pʊt/pull/pʊl/sugar/ʃʊgə/oobook/bʊk/cook/kʊk/good/gʊd/10./u:/oocool/ku:l/food/fu:d/school/sku:l/ousoup/su:p/group/gru:p/through/θru:/uijuice/dʒu:s/fruit/fru:t/ublue/blu:/glue/glu:/11./ɜ:/erher/hɜ:/term/tɜ:m/irbird/bɜ:d/girl/gɜ:l/skirt/skɜ:t/first/fɜ:st/orword/wɜ:d/work/wɜ:k/urnurse/nɜ:s/fur/fɜ:/12./ə/aabout/əbaut/sofa/səufə/China/tʃainə/eopen/əupən/travel/’trævəl/ordoctor/dɒktə/actor/æktə/erteacher/ti:tʃə/farmer/fa:mə/driver/draɪvə/13./eɪ/acake/keɪk/game/geɪm/plane/pleɪn/take/teɪk/plate/pleɪt/wake/weɪk/snake/sneɪk/14./aɪ/iI/aɪ/bike/baɪk/drive/draɪv/ice/aɪs/knife/naɪf/ycry/krai/fly/flai/my/mai/try/trai/sky/skai/uybuy/baɪ/guy/gaɪ/等15./əʊ/odon’t/dəʊnt/go/gəʊ/old/əʊld/rose/rəʊz/oaboat/bəʊt/coat/kəʊt/road/rəʊd/soap/səʊp/owblow/bləʊ/show/ʃəʊ/know/nəʊ/snow/snəʊ/16./aʊ/oublouse/blaʊz/mouth/maʊθ/south/saʊθ/owcow/kaʊ/flower/flauə/how/haʊ/now/naʊ/17./ɔɪ/oyboy/bɔɪ/soy/sɔɪ/toy/tɔɪ/oicoin/kɔɪn/noise/nɔɪz/point/pɔɪnt/18./ɪə/earear/ɪə/dear/dɪə/hear/hɪə/tear/tɪə/eerbeer/bɪə/deer/dɪə/19./eə/airair/eə/chair/tʃeə/hair/heə/pair/peə/arecare/keə/dare/deə/share/ʃeə/earbear/beə/pear/peə/20./ʊə/oorpoor/pʊə/tour/tʊə/uresure/ʃʊə/assure/ə’ʃʊə/1./p/p清pig/pig/cap/kæp/park/pɑ:k//b/b浊bag/bæg/bee/bi:/boy/bɔɪ/2./t/t清it/ɪt/tiger/taɪgə/table/teibl//d/d浊dog/dɒg/desk/desk/door/dɔ:/3./k/c/ck/k清week/wi:k/cat/kæt/cock/kɒk//g/g浊bag/bæg/good/gʊd/green/gri:n/4./f/f清farm/fɑ:m/five/faɪv/fire/faɪə/knife/naɪf/ph清phone/fəʊn/photo/fəʊtəʊ//v/v浊five/faɪv/vase/vɑ:z/drive/draɪv/very/veri/辅音音标5./s/c清face/feɪs/ice/aɪs/nice/naɪs/rice/raɪs/s清see/si:/sit/sit/sew/səʊ/study/stʌdi//z/s浊vase/vɑ:z/please/pli:z/easy/i:zi/z浊zip/zip/zoo/zu:/zebra/zebrə/zero/zɪərəʊ/6./θ/th清math/mæθ/month/mʌnθ/mouth/maʊθ//ð/th浊this/ðis/that/ðæt/those/ðəʊz/these/ði:z/7./ʃ/sh清fish/fɪʃ/ship/ʃɪp/shoes/ʃu:z/wish/wiʃ/s清sure/ʃʊə//ʒ/s浊measure/meʒə/pleasure/pleʒə/8./tʃ/ch清chess/tʃes/child/tʃaɪld/chick/tʃɪk//dʒ/g浊age/eɪdʒ/magic/mædʒɪk/page/peɪdʒ/j浊jam/dʒæm/jeep/dʒi:p/jump/dʒʌmp/9./tr/tr清tree/tri:/train/treɪn/truck/trʌk/true/tru://dr/dr浊drive/draɪv/dragon/drægən/draw/drɔ:/10./ts/ts清boats/bəʊts/coats/kəʊts/cats/kæts//dz/ds浊beds/bedz/birds/bɜ:dz/hands/hændz/11./l/l浊late/leɪt/leg/leg/look/luk/love/lʌv/12./h/h清hat/hæt/hand/hænd/her/hɜ:/how/haʊ/wh清who/hu:/whole/həʊl/whom/hu:m/13./r/r浊red/red/rice/raɪs/rose/rəʊz/room/ru:m/14./j/y浊yard/jɑ:d/yes/jes/yellow/jeləʊ/you/ju:/15./w/w浊we/wi:/wall/wɔ:l/wait/weɪt/window/wɪndəʊ/whwhat/wɒt/where/weə/white/waɪt/why/waɪ/16./m/m浊math/mæθ/month/mʌnθ/mouth/maʊθ/17./n/n浊no/nəʊ/number/nʌmbə/nine/naɪn/18./ŋ/ng浊morning/mɔ:nɪŋ/sleeping/sli:piŋ/