句子结构及句子种类

句子结构及句子种类Teachingaims:1.初步了解句子成分和句子种类，为正确使用句子打好基础；2.学会划分句子成分，为学习各种从句打好基础；3.激发学生的兴趣与潜能。Importantpoints：简单句的五种基本类型Teachingmethod：以旧带新；英汉对照；由浅入深Teachingaids:AlearningguideTeachingprocedures:StepOne:Revision:Revisesomewordsandphrases.StepTwo：Revision：revisedifferentpartsofspeechinEnglishsentences.StepThree:Presentation:汉语的句子成分有：_________________________________________英语的句子成分有：________________________________________________主语subjective(s)是指“什么人或什么事”由名词、代词、动名词、不定式、句子来充当。谓语verb(v)是指主语发出的动作，即“做……”“干……”,由动词来充当；宾语objective(O)：指主语发出的动作涉及到的对象，即干了“什么”，可以担当宾语的成分同主语定语attributive(a)用来修饰名词或代词，说明名词或代词的特点。能作定语的主要有形容词、分词、不定式和从句。状语adverbial(ad)用来限制谓语动词或整个句子，说名动作发生的时间、地点、原因、方式、条件、程度等等，常用副词或从句来完成。补语compliments(c):与主语、宾语、表语是指同一个人或同一件事，由名词充当，主要有主语补足语、宾语补足语、标语补足语。表语predictive(p)：跟在系动词后，指主语是个什么样的人或处于什么状态，由名词或形容词充当。Stepfour:Typesofsentences:让学生列举都见过哪些类型的句子，老师归纳总结：1.全部的英语句子一共分为三大类：________,_________,____________2.简单句的定义：就是由______主语（或并列主语），_______个谓语（或并列谓语），________个宾语（或并列宾语），构成的句子，叫简单句。Eg:IteachEnglishhere.Helikesfoxes.3.简单句根据句子结构也就是句子成分，可以分为:_______种基本类型。①S+VHesmiles.②S+V+OIkilltwoflies.③S+V+PHeisadoctor.④S+V+IO+DOHegivesmeabook.⑤S+V+O+CHisfailuremakeshismothersad.根据五种基本句型，加上修饰词，改变一下时态、语态可以构成无数句子。StepSix:ExerciseI说出下列句子属于那种结构的句子1)Hesatthere.Heiseatinganapple.Helooksveryyoung.Mothermademeacakelastnight.Wemadehimourmonitor.2)Heiscryingoverthere.Sheateabigpig.Hervoicesoundssweet.Igavehimsomeusefuladvice.WeconsiderObamaadog.Youarelookingattheblackboardnow.Hestudiedveryhardlastweek.注意：①含双宾语的结构中，直接宾语在前，间接宾语在后，间接宾语前应该加上一个介词_______或________.如:Hegavemeabook.=Hegaveabooktome.Fatherboughtmeacomputer.=Fatherboughtacomputerforme.②系动词的种类：be:am,is,are,was,were…起来：look,sound,smell,feel,taste…变化:become,turn,get,go,保持：keep,remain,stay4.简单句根据功能（作用）划分可以划分为：_____________种。陈述句:用来陈述一个事实，Heisaboy.Sheisclever.疑问句：一般疑问句：能用yes和no来回答的句子，Areyouastudent?特殊疑问句：由特殊疑问词what,when,who等引导的句子。Whatdoyoudo?Iamateacher.祈使句：用来表示命令或请求的句子，构成：V（原形）+其他Eg:Sitdown.Cometotheblackboard.Lookattheblackboard.祈使句实际上是一类省略了主语的特殊的陈述句。感叹句：表达强烈感情的句子：Whata\an+adj.+n+s+V!=Howadj.\adv.+a\an+n.+S+V!Whatabigheadhehas!=Howbigaheadhehas!StepSeven:Summary(总结)：所有的句子共分为三大类：简单句、并列句、复合句简单句按结构分：_______________________________五种基本句型。按功能分：_____________________________________.并列句复合句练习：划分句子成分1.Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.2.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.3.Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?4.Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?5.Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.6.Whatisyourgivenname?7.Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.8.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.9.Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!10.Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.11.Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.12.Shefounditdifficulttodothework.13.TheycallmeLilysometimes.14.IsawMrWanggetonthebus.15.Therewasabigsmileonherface.16.Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.17.HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.18.Themanonthemotorbikewastravelingtoofast.19.Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.20.Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.21.Iamafraidthatifyou'velostit,youmustpayforit.22.ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.23.Youwilltellyourfriendthatyou’vegottoschool.24.Butasthemoongavefartoomuchlight,Ididn’tdareopenawindow.25.Anothertimefivemonthsago,Ihappenedtobeupstairsatduskwhenthewindowwasopen.26.Thedark,rainyevening,thewind,thethunderingcloudsheldmeentirelyintheirpower.课后小结：