造纸术英文版

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Paper-makingisoneofthefourgreatinventionsofChina,thepaperisthehanlongexperienceaccumulationandthecrystallizationofthewisdomofworkingpeople,humanabrilliantinventioninthehistoryofcivilization.Chinaistheworld'searliestsericulturesilkintheworld.HanChineseworkingpeopleabovecocoonsilksilk,suchastheremainingevilcocoon,cocoondiseasesuchasflocculantwithlegalsystemtakesilkfloss.Afterfloatingflocculant,wovenbamboomatlegacywillbesomeresidualeffect.Whenthenumberoffloatingflocculant,wovenbamboomatontheresidualflocculantproductintoalayeroffibersheet,afterdrystrippingdown,canbeusedforwriting.Thisflocculantfloatingtherearen'tmanyby-products,andcallitHeTiorFangXuonancientbook.ThissuggeststhattheoriginofthehanChinesepapermakingflocculantwithsilkhaveoriginrelations.造纸术是中国四大发明之一,纸是汉族劳动人民长期经验的积累和智慧的结晶,人类文明史上的一项杰出的发明创造。中国是世界上最早养蚕织丝的国家。汉族劳动人民以上等蚕茧抽丝织绸,剩下的恶茧、病茧等则用漂絮法制取丝绵。漂絮完毕,篾席上会遗留一些残絮。当漂絮的次数多了,篾席上的残絮便积成一层纤维薄片,经晾干之后剥离下来,可用于书写。这种漂絮的副产物数量不多,在古书上称它为赫蹏或方絮。这表明了中国汉族造纸术的起源同丝絮有着渊源关系。ByCAIlunineasternhandynasty(105)ofthefirstyearofyuanxingpapermaking,improvedbyCAIluninthebark,hempheadsandourrawmaterialssuchascloth,fishingnets,afterfalling,dao,copypaper,dryingtechnology,manufacturing,istheoriginofmodernpaper.Thispaper,therawmaterialiseasytofindandverycheap,qualityisalsoimproved,graduallywidelyused.Inhonourofthefeat,CAIlunlatergenerationscalledthispaperCaiHoupaper东汉元兴元年(105)蔡伦改进了造纸术,他用树皮、麻头及敝布、鱼网等原料,经过挫、捣、抄、烘等工艺制造的纸,是现代纸的渊源。这种纸,原料容易找到,又很便宜,质量也提高了,逐渐普遍使用。为纪念蔡伦的功绩,后人把这种纸叫做“蔡侯纸”Untiltheeasternhandynastyandemperorperiod,throughimprovedbyCAIlun,formedasetofrelativelyfinalizethedesignofthepapermakingprocess,theprocesscanberoughlydividedintofoursteps:Thefirstistheseparationofrawmaterial,istousetherettingleachingorcookingmethodsforrawmaterialsinalkalidegumming,andscatteredintofibrous;Secondisbeating,istousethemethodofcuttingandstruckstaplefiber,andmakethefiberbroom,andbecomethepulp;Thethirdisthemanufacturepaperwithpulp,namelymakepulpwaterpenetrationintoslurry,thenusedforpaperpulp(wovenbamboomat)andgetthepulpinpapertowoventhinsheetofwetpaper;Thefourthisdry,namelythewetpapertodryordry,peelingthebecameapaper.直到东汉和帝时期,经过了蔡伦的改进,形成了一套较为定型的造纸工艺流程,其过程大致可归纳为四个步骤:第一是原料的分离,就是用沤浸或蒸煮的方法让原料在碱液中脱胶,并分散成纤维状;第二是打浆,就是用切割和捶捣的方法切断纤维,并使纤维帚化,而成为纸浆;第三是抄造,即把纸浆渗水制成浆液,然后用捞纸器(篾席)捞浆,使纸浆在捞纸器上交织成薄片状的湿纸;第四是干燥,即把湿纸晒干或晾干,揭下就成为纸张。

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