教育资源教育资源Unit1Festivalsaroundtheworld语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________掌握本单元重点语法----情态动词,并能熟练应用情态动词相关语法解决相应的语法练习一、重点语法:情态动词情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。本单元学习情态动词的用法。1.may与might的用法情态动词用法例句may与might表示允许、许可。否定答语一般要用mustn’t,表示“禁止、阻止”之意。---MayIwatchTVaftersupper?---Yes,youmay./No,youmustn’t.在表示请求、允许时,might比may的语气更委婉一些。在日常口语中,用can征询对方意见更为常见。---MightIuseyourtelephone?---Yes,please.---May/CanIgohomenow?---Yes,youmay/can.表示可能性的推测,含有“或许”“大概”“可能”之意,用might代替may时,则语气显得更加不肯定。Whathesaidmaybetrue.Shemaycometomorrow.Hemighthavesomefever.2.can与could的用法情态动词用法例句can与could表示能力Someofuscanusethecomputernow,butwecouldn’tlastyear.表示客观的可能性Itwillbesunnyinthedaytime,butitcouldrainlateronthisevening.表示请求和允许---CanIgonow?---Yes,youcan.表示请求,口语中常用could代替can,使语气更加婉转Couldyouwaitafewdayforthemoney?Couldyoupleaseshowmethewaytothestation?教育资源教育资源表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要用于否定句、疑问句和惊叹句中)Canthisnewsbetrue?Itcan’tbetheheadmaster.He’sgonetoBeijing.Howcanyoubesofoolish!3.will与would的用法情态动词用法例句will与would用于表示意志或意愿。Will指现在,would指过去Iwillneverdothatagain.Theysaidthattheywouldhelpus.表示请求、建议等,用would比用will委婉、客气些Willyoupleasetakeamessageforme?Wouldyoupleasepasshimthebook?表示习惯性动作,译为“总是”“惯于”。Will指现在,would指过去Fishwilldiewithoutwater.Everyevening,shewouldsitbythewindow,deepinthought.表示预料或猜想Itwouldbeabouttenwhenhelefthome.Ithoughthewouldhavetoldyouaboutthat.用于否定句中,表示“不肯”“不乐意”NomatterwhatIsaid,hewouldn’tlistentome.4.shall与should的用法情态动词用法例句shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见Whatshallwedonext?ShallIdothewashing-up?Whenshallmybrotherbeabletoleavehospital?用于第二、第三人称的陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁Youshallgowithme.(命令)Youshallhaveanewdressforyourbirthday.(允诺)Heshallbepunished.(威胁)should表示劝告或建议,作“应该”讲Weshouldbestrictwithourselves.Youshouldkeepyourpromise.表示推测,作“可能”、“该”讲Theroadsshouldbelesscrowdedtoday.IshouldhavefinishedreadingitbyFriday.Why/how+should结构表示说话人对谋事不能理解、感到惊异等意思,译为“竟会”Whyshouldyoubesolatetoday?(你今天怎么来的这么晚?)Idon’tknowwhyyoushouldthinkthatIdidit.(我真不明白你凭什么认为这件事是我干的。)5.must,may(might)和can表示“推测”的用法教育资源教育资源情态动词用法例句must只能用于肯定句,表示可能性很大的一种推测,作“肯定”“一定”讲(1)---Look,someoneiscoming.Whocanitbe?---Itmaybetheheadmaster.---Itcan’tbehim.HehasgonetoShanghai.---ThenitmustbeMr.Zhang.Helooksliketheheadmaster.(2)---Whatcantheybetalkingabout?----Theymay/mustbetalkingaboutthequestionraisedatthemeeting.(3)---Cantheyhavefinishedthework?---Yes,theymay/musthavefinishedit.---No,theycan’thavefinishedtheworksosoon.---Thentheymusthaveplayedsomuch.may/might用于肯定句中(可能,或许,大概);用于否定句中(可能不)。表示可能性较小的一种推测can表示推测时,只用于否定句和疑问句中6.should与oughtto用法对比点shouldoughtto1.表“应该”表劝告、建议Youshouldlistentothedoctor’sadvice.WeshouldlearnfromZhangHua.“有责任有必要”做某事Yououghttofinishyourworkbeforeyougohome.Weoughttohelpeachother.2.表“估计”Theyshouldgethomebynow.“非常可能”的事,可译为“总应该”Ifwestarttoworkrightnow,weoughttofinishitbeforelunch.注意:1)should还可在虚拟语气中的使用2)注意:oughtto的疑问式及否定式---Oughthetogo?---Yes,Ithinkheoughtto.---No,heoughtn’tto.否定式:oughtn’ttodo(不说oughttonotdo)反疑问句:oughtn’t______?7.need与dare用法对比点needdare1.情态v.+动词原形1)否定式Heneednot(needn’t)go.---Needwedoitagain?---No,youneedn’tdoitagain.Hedarenotsayso.Dareshegooutaloneatnight?HowdareyousayI’munfair?教育资源教育资源2)疑问式Ifhedaredothat,he’llbepunished.Idaresay.(固定用法)2.实义v.+todo1)肯定式2)否定式3)疑问式Heneedstogo.Hedoesn’t(doesnot)needtogo.Doesheneedtodoitagain?No,hedoesn’tneedtodoitagain.Hedarestosay.Hedoesnot(doesn’t)daretosay.Ifyoudaretojumpintothewaterfromhere,sodareI.3.didnotneedtodo表示过去没必要做Shedidn’tneedtoattendthemeetingyesterday,andshestayedwithherchildren.(她没有参加)8.usedto与would用法usedtowould1.表示过去的动作、状态,重在与现在情况的对比,不一定要有时间状语。Iusedtoplaycardsalot,butnowIseldomplay.Myhometownisnotwhatitusedtobe.1.只表示过去动作的重复,有明确的时间状语。IwouldgotoseemygrandfatheronSundaywhenhewasinthemiddleschool.2.would后只接表动作的动词,不接表认识或状态动词Heusedtobenervousintheexam.2.表示过去的习惯有时可互换:Whenwewereveryyoung,weusedto/wouldgoskatingeverywinter.3.表示过去的次数时,不能使用:(√)WewenttotheGreatWallfivetimeswhenwewereyoung.(X)Weusedtogo/wouldgototheGreatWallfivetimeswhenwewereyoung.注:usedtodo的否定式:usedn’ttodo或didn’tusetodo(usedn’t也可写作usen’t)疑问式:Didyouusetodo?Didn’tyouusetodo?Usedyoutodo?Usedn’tyoutodo?例1.(2019北京卷27.)________Ihaveawordwithyou?Itwon’ttakelong.A.CanB.MustC.ShallD.Should解析:本题考察的是情态动词基本意义辨析。can能够,可能;must必须,一定;非得;shall将要;should应该;句意:我可以和你谈谈吗?不会花很多时间的。根据句意可知本题使用CanI…?表示询问对方是否允许。如:CanIuseyourdictionary?我可以使用你的字典吗?答案:A。例2.(2019大纲卷)30.Althoughyou_____findbargainsinLondon,it’snotgenerallyacheapplacetoshop.A.shouldB.needC.mustD.can教育资源教育资源解析:should应该,竟然;need需要;must必须,一定;非得,偏偏;can能够,可能,有时会…;根据句意“尽管你有时可能会在伦敦找到便宜货,但总得说来那不是一个购物的便宜的地方。”根据句义可知can表示有时可能,有时会…;答案:D。例3.(2019湖南卷)---I’vepreparedallkindsoffoodforthepicnic.---Doyoumeanwe_____bringanythingwithus?A.can’tB.mustn’tC.shan’tD.needn't解析:本题考察的是情态动词意义辨析。can’t不可能;不能;mustn’t禁止,千万不能;needn’t不必;不需要;根据句意“---我已经为野餐准备了各种食物。”“---你是指我们不必带任何东西了?”根据句意可知前者已经准备了一切食物,所以后者不需要带任何东西。答案:D。例4.(2019江苏卷)Itwassadtomethatthey,sopoorthemselves,bringmefood.A.mightB.wouldC.shouldD.could解析:本题考察的是情态动词的特殊意义。m