高中英语语法情态动词

情态动词情态动词本身有实际词义，但不能单独作谓语，只能和后面的动词原形一起构成谓语。Wecanbethereontimetomorrow.我们明天能按时去那儿。Youmustobeytheschoolrules.你必须遵守校规。情态动词的定义情态动词无人称和数的变化，情态动词后加动词原形，否定式是在情态动词后面直接加“not”。个别情态动词有过去式，但此过去式时态性不强，可用于表示过去，现在或将来，也可用来表达委婉的语气。情态动词的特点1表能力cancouldbeabletoIamsostrongthatIcanliftthisstone.HesaidthatJackcouldn’tfinishhisworkinsuchashorttime.Heisonlyfour,butheisabletoread.Shewasabletodoitwithoutmyhelp.Willyoubeabletocometomypartytomorrow?can表能力,但不一定能干成；beableto表经过一番努力设法干成了,可用于各种时态。=managetodo/succeedindoingYoucangonow.MayIknowyourname?2表许可can,maycould/might也表许可，常用于问句中，表委婉—CouldIborrowyourdictionary?—Yes,ofcourseyou_______.A.mightB.willC.canD.shouldC3表必须Imustgonow.Sinceitisraining,wehavetostayindoors.must表主观必须，没有过去式haveto表客观必须关于must疑问句的回答---MustIcomebefore9pm?---Yes,you__________.---No,you__________/____________.mustneedn’tdon’thaveto4表推测mustmaymight用于肯定句中Theremustbeamistake.Youmaywalktenmileswithoutseeingahouse.Hemightgetthereontime.用于否定句中表推测can’t,couldn’tmaynot,mightnotShecan’tbeserious.Wecouldn’tdobetter.Shemaynotbeserious.Sheisafraidtheymightnotliketheidea.用于疑问句中表推测cancouldmay/might不用于疑问句中表推测mustbe/can’tdo/mightbedoing都表对现在的推测musthavedone/can’thavedone/mighthavedone表对过去的推测It’s6:00.Mother_______(wait)formeoutside.—Helookssad.He_________(know)thenews.—No,he__________________it.mustbewaitingmusthaveknowncan’thaveknownWemustn’twasteourtime.mustn’t5表禁止译为“一定不要…/千万别…”should/oughtto6表应该Asateacher,I________bestrictwithmystudents.should/oughttoshould的另一特殊用法，译为“竟然”Youcan’timaginethatawell-behavedgentlemen___besorudetoalady.A.mightB.needC.shouldD.wouldshould也可表示推测—WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.—They___bereadyby12:00.A.canB.shouldC.mightD.need7表事与愿违should/oughttohavedone本来应该做却没有做shouldn’t/oughtn’ttohavedone本不应该做却做了couldhavedonesth.本来可以做某事却没有做couldn’thavedonesth.不可能已经做了某事needn’thavedonesth.本没有必要做某事却做了don’tneedtodosth不必做某事实际上没有做don’thavetodosth不必做某事实际上没有做---Sorry，Ihaven’tfinishedmyhomework.---Butyou________.oughtto/shouldhave改错：Heneedn’ttocome.Hedaresnotgo.dare1.He_______（不必）notspeakinpublic.2.He__________(敢于)tofightagainsttherobber.needdaresHeneedn’tcome./Hedoesn’tneedtocome.Hedarenotgo./Hedoesn’tdaretogo.判断need/dare是情态动词还是实义动词？1.是否有数的变化：有数的变化，是实义动词；没有则是情态动词2.否定句:直接加not构成否定为情态动词,如果在前面加not为实义动词3.实义动词+todo,而情态动词+v.原形need当情态动词时，多用在否定句或疑问句中.NeedIattendthemeetingtomorrow?我明天需要参加会议吗?Youneednothandinthepaperthisweek.这周你不必交论文。dare当情态动词用时，有其过去时dared.shall______westartthemeeting?______hecomein?Ifyoubreakyourpromise,anythingyouowns_______betakenaway.1在第一、三人称疑问句中表征求对方意见。2用于第二、三人称，表说话人的命令、警告、威胁、允诺等。3用于第三人称，表示法律条文等的规定。ShallShallShall特殊情态动词wouldVSusedtousedtodo和woulddo”usedto表示过去（常常）做某事，而现在一定不做了woulddo表示过去常常做某事，现在做不做不一定。Iusedtosmoke．DuringthevacationIwouldswiminthesea．情态动词专练1.Putonmoreclothes.Youbefeelingcoldwithonlyashirton.A.canB.couldC.mustD.would2.—MustIdrivetohishouseandpickupthechildren?—No,________.A.youshouldn'tB.youmightnotC.youneedn'tD.youmustn't3.Youtoattendthemeeting,butyoudidn't.A.shouldcomeB.wouldhavecomeC.cameD.shouldhavecome4.Wedidn'tseeTomatthemeetingyesterday.Heit.A.mustn'thaveattendedB.cannothaveattendedC.needn'thaveattendedD.wouldhavenotattended5.Tomwentonfoot,buthebybus.A.mightgoB.maygoC.couldhavegoneD.oughthavegone6.Weplaychessthanbridge.Someofusdon'tknowhowtoplaybridge.A.hadbetterB.wouldbetterC.wouldratherD.hadrather7.Thereissomeoneknockingatthedoor.itbeTom?A.CanB.MustC.ShouldD.Ought8.Therewasalotoftime.He.A.mustn'thavehurriedB.needn'thavehurriedC.couldhavehurriedD.oughttohavehurried9.Wedidn'tstudyChemistrylastnight,butwe.A.hadstudiedB.couldC.shouldD.couldhave10.Oneoughtforwhatonehasn'tdone.A.nottobepunishedB.tonotbepunishedC.tonotpunishedD.notbepunished11.MayIpickaflowerinthegarden?.A.No,youneedn'tB.Not,pleaseC.No,youmustn'tD.No,youwon't12.CouldIcallyoubyyourfirstname?Yes,you.A.willB.couldC.mayD.might13.Twoyearsago,myhusbandboughtmeabicycle.Ifyouliveintown,itisoftenfasterthanacarandyouworryaboutparking.A.mustnotB.maynotC.shouldnotD.don'thaveto14.Ididn'tseeherinthemeeting-roomthismorning.Sheatthemeeting.A.mustn'thavespokenB.shouldn'thavespokenC.needn'thavespokenD.couldn'thavespoken15.Youtakeyourumbrella.Iamsureitwon'train.A.shouldn'tB.can'tC.don'thavetoD.mustn't16.Thedoghibernateinwinter.A.don'tneedB.doesn'tneedtoC.needsnottoD.needsnot17.Acomputer______thinkforitself;itmustbetoldwhattodo.A.can’tB.couldn’tC.maynotD.mightnot18.Tomdidnotgotothepartyyesterday,orIhim.A.wouldseeB.couldmeetC.mighthaveseenD.mightsee19.WheneverMotherwasnothere,thechildrenmakealotofnoise.A.willB.wouldC.weretoD.weregoingto20.Whyisitsodark?Therebeaheavyraincoming.A.shallB.mayC.shouldD.will21.Tomislate.Whattohim?A.shouldhavehappenedB.musthavehappenedC.canhavehappenedD.wouldhavehappened22.Tom,youplaywiththeknife,youhurtyourself.A.won't,couldB.mustn't,mayC.shouldn't,mustD.can't,should23.Tomfullmarks,buthewastoocarelessaspellingmistake.A.couldgain,tomakeB.couldhavegained,tomakeC.couldhavegained,andmadeD.couldhavegained,astomake24.—themantherebeournewteacher?—Hebe,butI'mnotsure.A.May,mustn'tB.Can,mayC.Must,can'tD.Can,can't25.—Someoneisknock