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1丁红飞高中英语语法——倒装句Inversion倒装：把谓语放在主语前面；原因：语法结构需要，达到某种修辞效果（强调，平衡，衔接，描绘）；类型:完全倒装FullInversion，部分倒装PartialInversion，形式倒装formalinversion要点一：完全倒装：谓语动词完全放在主语之前,此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。1.在therebe(stand,lie,live,come,exist,seem,happen,go)句型中(表示存在)：There_________________intheclassroom.教室里空无一人。There_________________wrongwiththedevice.设备似乎出故障了。There________(live)_______________namedAqiaolongago.很久以前这住着一个叫做阿巧的姑娘。There________(stand)______________onthetopofthemountain.山顶有座庙。There_______(lie)________________betweenthetwohills.小河流淌在两山中。There_______(exist)________________onthisquestion.关于这个问题存在着不同的意见。2.地点副词here,there,up,down,away,off,back,in,out,over等位于句首时，其后用完全倒装。Here__________(come)_______________.公共汽车来了。There_________(go)__________________.铃响了。Upandup_______(go)theprices.价格涨得越来越高。Down_________(drop)themeatintothefox’smouth.这块肉往下一落，掉入狐狸的嘴巴里。Away________(run)theprisoner.这烦人逃跑了。Thedooropenedandin__________(come)Mr.Smith.门开了，史密斯先生进了来。【注意】若主语为代词，则不倒装：Inhecameandthelessonbegan.他走进来开始上课。Awayhewent.他跑远了。Downitcame.它掉了下来。3.时间副词now,then,thus等位于句首时，其后用完全倒装Now________(come)yourturn.现在该你啦。Then________(follow)ashotofgun.接着是一声枪响。Thus________(end)themeeting.会议就这样结束了。4.地点介词短语作状语置于句首时，其后用完全倒装。Infrontofthehouse________(sit)asmallboy.房子的前边坐着一个小男孩。Fromadistance__________(come)apoliceman.远处来了一个警察。Insidethetemple_________(live)manymonks.庙里住着许多和尚。Underthetable________(sleep)abrowncat.桌子下面睡着一只棕色的猫。5.表语位于句首时，其后用完全倒装，结构是：形容词/现在分词/过去分词/介词短语+系动词+主语2Seatedinthefront________(be)theleadersoftheschool.Sittinginthefront________(be)theleadersoftheschool.坐在前面的是学校领导。Writtenontheblackboard_________(be)thenamesofthosewhowerelateyesterday.黑板上写着昨天迟到的人的姓名。Presentatthemeeting__________(be)ProfessorWhite,ProfessorSmithandmanyotherguests.Onthedesk________(be)someEnglishbooks.6.such作指示代词放在句首时，其后用完全倒装Such_______(be)ourplan.这就是我们的计划。Such________(be)thefacts,noonecandenythem.这就是事实，没有人能否定它们。要点二：部分倒装：be/助/情放到主语前面1.So/Neither/Nor+be/助/情+另一主语（表示前面说的话适用于另一人）Sheisateacher.So______hermother.HehasbeentoBeijing.So_______I.Isawthefilmlastweek.So_______she.Ihaveneverbeenabroad.Neither________he.Idon’tknowwhetherhewillcomeornot,nor________Icare.我不知道他是否会开，我也不关心。【注意】（1）.So+be/助/情+同一主语（的确如此）——如果后一句对前一句加以肯定或同意，上下两句指的是同一人或物时，不需要倒装。——Itwascoldyesterday.——You’veleftyourbaginside.——Soit________.——Oh!SoI__________.——Ihearyouwenttotheconferenceyesterday.——SoI___________.(2）.表示按别人的意思做了什么事，so不用提前。Theteacheraskedmetoreadaloud,andIdidso.老师要我大声读，我那样做了。Theyaskedmenottodisturbher,andIdidso.(3).当前面两件或以上的事也适合另一人时，只使用soitis/waswith…Tomlikessinging,buthedoesn’tlikedancing.SoitiswithMary.Johniscleverandhestudieshard.SoitiswithLucy.2.具有否定意义或半否定意义的副词，介词短语，连词固定搭配提前时，其后要用部分倒装。hardly几乎不scarcely几乎不barely几乎不never从不seldom不常little很少nowhere没有地方3bynomeans决不innocase决不onnoaccount决不onnocondition无论如何也不atnotime任何时候都不not…until…直到…才…notonly…butalso…不仅…而且…nosooner…than….hardly/scarcely…when…一…就…neither…nor…既不…也不…Little_______heknowthatthepolicewerearound.他一点儿也不直到警察就在他的身后。Never________Iheardofsuchaname.我从没听说过这样一个名字。Seldom________hecomerecently.最近他很少来这里。Bynomeans________Ichangetheplan.我决不改变计划。Nolonger________Ibelieveawordyousay.我再也不相信你说的任何话。Notonly_______Iknowhim,butIamalsohisfriend.Notuntilaweeklater________helearnthenews.直到一周后他才听到那个消息。【注意】（1）.nosooner…than….,hardly/scarcely…when…一…就…的时态搭配：Nosoonerthan+had+主语+done+从句（did）Hardly/ScarcelywhenNosooner________I_________(enter)theroomthanthephonerang.Hardly/Scarcely________I__________(get)offthebuswhenIsawhim.(2）.notuntil+时间状语/时间状语从句+主句（主句使用部分倒装）Icouldn’trealizethevalueofthatkindofgivinguntilyearslater.Notuntil___________________________________________________________________________________.直到多年后我才意识到那种给予的价值。Ididn’trecognizehimuntilhetookoffhissunglasses.Notuntil________________________________________________________________________________.(3).notonly…butalso…连接两分句，且notonly提前时，“前倒后不倒”Notonly_________thecity__________(pollute)butthestreetswerecrowded.不仅城市被污染了，而且街道也很拥挤。Notonly_______he_______(teach)inschool,buthewritesnovels.他不但在学校里教书，而且还写小说。（4）.neither…nor…连接两分句，且neither提前时，“前后都倒”Neither_______he________(arrive)thereontime,nor________I.他不能准时到那，我也不能。3.only+状语(副词/介词短语/状语从句)放在句首时，其后用部分倒装。4Onlyrecently_______I_______(have)timetoreadthebook.直到最近我才有时间读这本书。Onlyinthisway_______you_______(do)itwell.只有这样你才能做好。Onlybyworkinghard_______we__________(succeed).只有努力工作我们才能成功。Onlywhenhereturnedhome_______he________(realize)whathadhappened.当他回到家里时，才知道出了什么事。OnlywhenIseeitwithmyowneyes________I___________(believe)it.只有我亲眼见到，我才相信。【注意】only修饰主语放在句首时，不用倒装。OnlyIknowthenews.Onlyfivepeopleturnedup.4.在so/such…that…结构中，so或such连同它所修饰的成分放在句首时，主句用部分倒装。Suchrapidprogress_______he_______(make)thatweareallproudofhim.他取得了如此快的进步，我们都为他感到自豪。Soangry________(be)hethathecouldn’tspeak.他气得说不出话来。Suchagoodboy_______(be)hethatwealllovehim.Sofast________he________(run)thatwecouldn’tcatchupwithhim.5.部分倒装用于省略了if的条件状语从句中。当虚拟条件句含有were,should,had时,可省略if，将were,should,had置于句首。if虚拟语气的三种基本形态：现在：从句：did(be用were)主句：were或would/should/might/could+do过去：从句：haddone主句：would/should/might/could+havedone将来：从句：weretodo或should+do主句：should/would/might/