(学生版)英语影视欣赏 1-5

EnglishMovieAppreciationFilmstudyFilmstudyHistoryoffilmsFilmgenresCharacterandperformanceNarrativeStyleCriticalperspectivesHistoryofMovie:ThebirthoffilmThefirstfilmstudio:BlackMaria(1893)Exhibitedmoviescommerciallyforthefirsttime:KinetoscopeParlor(1894)Thefirstcinema:builtinParis,Dec.28th1895Featuresoffilms:non-fictional,unedited,short,crudedocumentaryviewsofordinaryslicesoflife.HistoryofMovie:classicalHollywoodCinema1920sSilentfilmswerethepredominantproductofthefilmindustry.Thefirst“talkie”:TheJazzSinger(1927)Sincethensoundmoviesplayedanimportantpartinthefieldofmovie.Severalfilmcompanieswell-knowntodaywerebuiltthattime.HistoryofMovie:classicalHollywoodCinema1930s:ThegoldenageofHollywood:Colorrevolutionsandthefurtherdevelopmentoffilmgenres1940s:Thewarandpostwaryears1950s:Thecoldwarandpost-classicaleraHistoryofMovie:post-classicalHollywood1960s:Majorchangesanderaofindependent1970s:theAmerican“NewWave”andtheadventoftheBlockbusterFilm1980s:moreBlockbustersFrom1990sonwards:theriseofcomputer-generatedfilmsFilmGenresDefinition:FilmGenresarevariousformsoridentifiabletypesoffilmsthathavesimilarorinstantly-recognizablepatterns,filmictechniquesorconventions.GenreDefiningcriteriaDifferentiatingcriteriaSocialDramaSubjectmatterSerioussocialtopicRomanceRomanticrelationshipbetweenloversGangsterGangstersinurbanAmericaWarFilmSpecificmilitaryconflictsScienceFictionFuturistictechnologies/futureworldsFantasyImpossibleworlds/fantasticalcharactersWesternAmericanwestDisasterNaturalorman-madecatastropheCrimeCriminalactivitiesandinvestigationEpicBiblicalorancienthistoryAdventureexcitingstorieswithnewexperiencesCategoriesofGenreGenresDefiningcriteriaDifferentiatingcriteriaActionFormPresenceofactionset-piecesMusicalPresenceofsonganddanceperformancesNewsreel/documentaryFilmednewsstoriesanditemsoftopicalinterestAnimationrapiddisplayofasequenceofimagesinordertocreateanillusionofmovementBlockbusterFilmNoir/Neo-NoirStyleSpectaculareventsChiaroscurolightinganddarkmise-en-sceneComedyAffectiveresponseIntendedtogeneratelaughterHorrorIntendedtohorrifyThrillerIntendedtothrillItisraretofindafilmthatbelongsexclusivelytoonegenre;thatistosay,almostnofilmwillpossessallofthecharacteristicsofasinglegenreandnoneofthecharacteristicsofanyother.FunctionsofGenresToensureandincreaseprofitability:“pre-sell”thefilmBasicimaginativeformsandstructuresthathelppeopletointerpretthemeaningandunderstandthesignificanceofourlives,andprovideimaginaryresolutionstoparticularconflicts.CharactersandperformanceCharactersandperformanceCharacterizationandperformancearetwooftheessentialaspectsofanycinematicwork.withoutcharacterstherecanbenonarrative,andwithoutperformancecharacterscannotbepresentedtotheaudience.CharacterfunctionsMotivation,conflict,andcharactergrowthCinematicperformanceCharacterfunctionsCharactersinfilmscanbedividedintothreebasic“functions”:◦Maincharacter:mostimportantcharacterinthefilm.◦Secondarycharacters:thosewhointeractwiththeprotagonistandhavesignificantimpactonthedevelopmentofthenarrative,including,oppositioncharacter,mirrorcharacter,andromancecharacter◦MinorcharactersMotivation,conflictandcharactergrowthCharacterdevelopmentoccursgraduallyovertheentirefilm.Itoccursbecausethecharactershasadefinitemotivationorgoal,butmeetswithdefiniteconflictintherealizationofthatgoal.Whenacharactermeetswithconflict,heorsheisforcedtoreconsiderhisorhermotivation–andtheresultischaractergrowth.Motivation,conflictandcharactergrowthTwokindsofmotivations:inner&outer◦Inner:whythecharacterwantstoachievethegoal◦Outer:whatthecharacterwantstoachieveTwokindsofconflicts:inner&outer◦Inner:conflictagainstpartofoneself◦Outer:conflictagainstexternalforcesCharactergrowth◦Developmentofnewabilities◦Reconsiderationofgoal◦ReflectionandincreasedknowledgeofselfandworldPerformanceTheperformancestylethatemphasizestherealityofthecharacterhasbeencalledthe“presentationalstyle”,whilethestylethatdownplaystherealityoftheactorhasbeencalledthe“representationalstyle”.Later,therepresentationalandpresentationalstylesareshownintwocinematicphenomena:methodactingandthestarsystem.Characterproducedbyapieceofcinemaisnotproducedbymeansofperformancealone,butalsothroughtheeditingprocess.Whatfactorsdoyouthinkshouldbeconsideredwhencastingdecisionsaremade?PerformancestyleThestarpersonaTypecasting(定型)/offcasting(转型)EthnicityandaccentHowtoanalyzecharacters1.Definewhatyoufeelaretheessentialcharacteristicsofthecharacterinthemovie.2.Discusswhatyoufeeltheactororactressdidtoenhancethosecharacteristics.HowtoanalyzecharactersDialogueThewordsspokenbytheactors.BodyLanguageNon-verbalcommunicationsuchasfacialexpression,eyecontact,andposture.InteractionHowthecharactersworktogetherorconflict.WardrobeorcostumesTheitemsofclothingthattheactorsweartoportraytheircharacters.NarrativeNarrative,storyandplotarethebasictermsusedwhenanalyzingthenarrativestructureofafilm.Narrative(introduction)AccordingtoDavidBordwellandKristinThomasinFilmArt–AnIntroduction:Narrative:Achainofeventsinacause-effect