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Unit1“创客”指勇于创新，努力将自己的创意变为现实的人。这个词译自英文单词maker，源于美国麻省理工学院（MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology）微观装配实验室（fabricationlaboratory）的课题。该课题以客户为中心，以创新为理念，由个人设计、制造满足个人需要的智能设备，参与该课题的学生即“创客”。在中国，“创客”特指具有创新理念、自主创业的人。中国的“创客”即包括发明新设备的科技达人，也包括软件开发者、艺术家、设计师等诸多领域的优秀代表。Chuangkeisatermthatreferstoinnovativepeoplewhomakeanefforttoturntheircuttingedgeideasintoreality.ThetermistranslatedfromtheEnglishwordmaker,whichisderivedfromthefabricationlaboratoryprojectoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyintheUS.Itisaconsumer-centredproject,emphasizinginnovationanddesignedtoempowerindividualstodevelopandproducesmartdevicestosuitpersonalneeds.Thestudentsparticipatingintheprojectarecalled“makers”.InChina,Chuangkereferstothosewhostarttheirownbusinesseswithinnovativeideas.Chinesemakersincludetech-savvypeoplewhodedicatethemselvestocreatingnewdevicesanddistinguishedinnovatorsinvariousfields,suchassoftwaredevelopers,artistsanddesigners.Unit2每年在“世界读书日”这一天（4月23日），中国各地都会举办“全民阅读，书香中国”的活动，旨在培养全民阅读的风气（ethos），让更多的人知道阅读不只是知识分子、学生的功课，而且是每个人生活方式的一部分。阅读对个人成长的影响是巨大的，一个民族的精神境界在很大程度上也取决于全民的阅读水平。从2014年开始，“全民阅读”连续三年都被写入了中国政府工作报告，因为读书不仅会增强创新力量，而且会增强社会的道德力量。EveryyearonWorldBookDay(April23),activitieson“NationwideReading,IntellectualChina”areorganizedalloverChina,tocultivatetheethosofreadinginthecountryandspreadtheawarenessthatreadingshouldnotonlybeforstudentsandintellectuals,butbepartofeveryone’swayoflife.Readinghasmuchtodowithpersonalgrowth,andthespirituallevelofanationlargelydependsonthereadingperformanceofitspeople.Startingfrom2014,forthreeconsecutiveyears“nation-widereading”hasbeenincludedintheReportontheWorkoftheGovernmentinChina,forreadingisconducivenotonlytoinnovationbutalsotothemoralsenseofsociety.Unit3中国的服装产业需要规范化，中国的服装设计需要创新，中国的元素需要品牌化。我们应该努力超越西方的服装风格，同时打破东方的传统观念，创造出属于中国的风格。这种风格，既不是迎合（caterto）欧美的时尚品味，也不是简单地通过应用纯中国的元素而达到民族复兴（renaissance）的目的。这种风格，是将具有东方风格的各种因素有机地结合在一起的同时，巧妙地融入西式服装的特征。它是中国传统文化与世界多元文化的一种融合。ThereisaneedtostandardizetheclothingindustryinChina.ThereshouldbemoreinnovationsinChinesefashiondesign.Chineseelementsinfashiondesignshouldhavetheirownbrands.WhilewearetryingourbesttotranscendWesternfashionstyles,weshouldalsotrytobreakthroughthetraditionalEasternconcepts,eventuallycreatingastylethatcanbecalledChinese.SuchaChinesestyleneithercaterstoWesternfashiontastesnorsimplyutilizespureChineseelementstoachieveanationalrenaissance.Rather,thisstylefeaturesanorganiccombinationofvariousEasternelements,skillfullyinfusedatthesametimewiththefeaturesofWesternclothes.ItisamergingoftraditionalChinesecultureandmultipleworldcultures.Unit4近年来，中国市场经济的发展使我国科学技术、生产力水平大幅度提高，社会文化事业大力发展，综合国力不断增强。市场经济在提高人民群众生活水平，实现共同富裕的目标中发挥着巨大作用。与改革开放之初相比，中国人的消费习惯和生活方式已发生质的变化，温饱型的消费模式已逐渐被享受型的消费模式所取代，中国已进入（usherin）消费时代。人们对物质财富的追求反过来也大力推动了经济和社会的发展。Inrecentyears,withthedevelopmentofthemarketeconomyinChina,thelevelofdevelopmentofoursocio-culturalenterprises,aswellasourscienceandtechnologyandourproductivity,hasgreatlyincreased,thusstrengtheningoverallnationalpower.Themarketeconomyalsoplaysanenormousroleinimprovingpeople’slivingstandardsandinfulfillingthegoalofcommonprosperity.Comparedwiththeearlydaysofreformandopeningup,substantialchangeshavetakenplaceinChinesepeople’sspendinghabitsandlifestyles,withconsumptionofbasicfoodandclothingtransformedgraduallytoconsumptionforpleasure,usheringintheconsumptionera.Inturn,thepursuitofmaterialwealthhasalsocontributedtremendouslytoeconomicandsocialdevelopment.Unit5在中国，随着女性社会地位和教育程度的不断提高，越来越多的女性进入了高科技领域。一批杰出的女科学家脱颖而出，她们以自己的聪明才智和对科学的热爱，在各个科技领域赢得了骄人的成绩，成为我国社会进步和经济发展的一支重要力量。2015年，中国女药学家屠呦呦荣获“诺贝尔生理学或医学奖”，实现了我国自然科学领域诺贝尔奖零的突破，大幅提升了我国科学研究的国际影响力。InChina,withtheincreasingimprovementofwomen’ssocialstatusandeducationlevel,moreandmorewomenareenteringthefieldofhightechnology.Anumberofremarkablewomenscientistshavedistinguishedthemselvesineveryscientificfieldandmadeextraordinaryachievementswiththeirintelligence,ingenuityandloveofscience,actingasanimportantforceinthesocialandeconomicdevelopmentofChina.In2015,theChinesewomanpharmacologistTuYouyouwontheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine.Beingthefirstwinnerfromourcountryofthatprizeinthefieldofnaturalscience,shehasgreatlyextendedtheinfluenceofChinesescientificresearchintheinternationalcommunity.Unit6中国古代的史官（historiographer）制度，起源很早。有证据表明，至少在商代，我国已出现了史官和官方记事制度。早期史官记载虽然只是一种简单的史实记录，而非严格意义上的史学，却为后人研究古史留下了重要的文献资料。应当指出，在古代，这类官方记事制度并非中国所独有，但只有中国古代的史官制度一直沿用下来。就其本意而言，这种史官记事制度不仅在于系统记载和保存文献史料，实际上还负有监督最高统治者的责任。HistoriographyinChinacandatebacktoveryancienttimes.Thereisevidencethat,asearlyastheShangDynasty,historiographersandtheofficialrecordingofeventshadbecomeinstitutionalized.Althoughtheearlyhistoriographersmadeverysimplerecordsofhistoricalevents,nothistoriographyinthestrictsense,theyleftimportanthistoricaldocumentsandinformationforlatergenerationsinstudyingancienthistory.Itshouldbepointedoutthatinancienttimes,theinstitutionofsuchofficialrecordingofeventswasnotuniquetoChina,butonlyinChinawasitpreservedforseveralthousandyears.Asforitsinitialpurpose,historiographersrecordedeventsnotonlytosystematicallyrecordandpreservehistoricaldocumentsandmate