英语中长句、难句的理解

英语中长句、难句的理解阅读中常见的普遍语言现象：一、倒装二、省略三、插入四、短语五、并列六、从句一、倒装：Neverhashebeenrudetoothers.Idodoubtthetruthofit.Impressiveastherecordis,itfadesnexttothestoryofAmstrong’sstruggleagainstdisease.(unit1)Whentheygetsick,norcantheymakesurethattheirchildrenkeepahealthydiet.(unit9)常见倒装结构：Only放句首修饰其后的状语So…that结构中的so放句首Notuntil出现在句首否定词出现在句首：never,hardly,seldom,neither,nor,nosooner,notonly等。副词放句首:out,in,up,down,here,there等二、省略：Iwon’tgotothepartyeventhoughinvitedto.Shedidn’tknowwhatmadehimsohappy,butIknewquitewell.Itwastakingthefirstplaceinthecompetition.Nothingimportant.JustthatI’mgoingtolosethisnewjob.HevisitedalotofmuseumswhileinLondon.三、插入：插入语和分隔结构插入语:InChina,asinothercountries,thegovernmentrealisesthatfuturewelfareofitscitizensiscloselylinkedtoeducation.(unit12)This,inmyopinion,isonlyoneofthebigproblems.Whodoyoubelievetheteacherhadtakedownthepicture?例如doyoubelieve/suppose/think;infact;however;foronething;分隔结构:HetoldusthatMr.Li,theheadmasteroftheuniversity,wouldgiveusaspeechonhowtogrowup.In1996Armstrong,thethenNo1cyclistintheworld,wasdiagnosedwithcancerandmanythoughtthatitmeanttheendofhiscareer,maybeevenhislife.(unit1)ThefactsurprisedeveryoneatpresentthatJapansaidtheislandbelongedtoit.四、短语：1、动名词短语2、现在分词短语3、不定式短语4、过去分词短语5、介词短语6、独立结构1、动名词短语Heinsistsontheplanbeingcarriedout.Learningalanguageisobviouslymorethanjustmemorisingwords,phrasesandstructures.(unit8)Knowingotherpeople’sshortcomingscanhelpusavoidembarrassingthem.(unit11)2、现在分词短语Themanstandingbythewindowsisourteacher.Workinginateam,wehavetotakeintoaccounthoweachindividualmemberworksbest.(unit11)3、不定式短语Itwasnoteasytodecidewhattotakeandwhattoleavebehind.(unit6)Tomakethebestuseofworkingwithourclassmates,itisimportanttorecognisetheirstrengthsandweakness.(unit11)4、过去分词短语TheearliestAsianculturalrelicfoundinAfricaalsodatesfromthisperiod.(unit2)Hefound13kindsoffinches,relatedtoeachotherinthestructureoftheirbeaks,tails,shapeofbodyandcolouroftheirfeathers.(unit4)5、介词短语Wehadtotravelaboutninetymileswithoutwaterorgrassfortheanimalstoeat.(unit6)Withgreatercontrolandastrongersenseofachievement,activelearnersareabletoacquirenewskillsfasterandputwhattheyknowtobetteruse.(unit8)WiththatchainonhiswatchJimmightbeproperlyanxiousaboutthetimeinanycompany.(unit10)6、独立结构:Timepermitting,Iwillfinishanotherlesson.ItbeingSunday,ratherthanstayathome,Ipreferredtotravel.五、并列Youcanlearnthattheoldestpersonisawomanwholivedtobe122yearsand164days,thatthelongestmoustachereachedalengthof1.6metersandthatthelongestpoisonoussnakeis5.71meterslong.(unit1)Ifeelbothproudandconcernedaboutthis,proudbecauseAmericaisindeedagreatland,andconcernedbecauseChina,too,isagreatland.并列平行结构中的关联词：and,or,but,notonly…butalso,both…and,either…or,neither…nor等六、从句：1、从句充当成分2、从句中又含从句1、从句充当成分主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句定语从句状语从句主语从句Whatisperhapsthemostvaluableiswhatyoulearnyourselfandyourownculture.(unit8)Howpeoplearedistributedcanalsoaffecttheeducationsystem.(unit12)表语从句However,thatwasnotwhatshehadinmind.(unit11)Chinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisiswhereIdisagree.宾语从句TheGuinnesscompanyhiredtwoEnglishmentowritewhatlaterbecametheGuinnessBookofWorldRecords.(unit1)Groupworkshowsushowotherpeople’srolesfitthepurposeofthegroup.(unit11)同位语从句Theyhadnoideawhattheywereupagainst.Aseriesofprogrammesandthedevelopmentoflocalandnationwidehealthcarenetworksaresignsthatthegovernmentisseriousabouthealthcare.(unit9)定语从句Fruitandvegetablesaregrowninareaswherethereisenoughwater.(unit3)ThenewcomerschangedthewaylandwasmanagedandintroducednewplantsandanimalsthatwereharmfultotheAustralianecosystems.(unit3)TherearemanykindsofbirdsinAustralia,andover140speciesofsnakes,manyofwhichareextremelydangerous.(unit3)Sportsteamsaremadeupofacertainnumberofplayers,whosecommongoalistoworktogethertowinamatch.(unit11)状语从句SomeAustralianAboriginesstillliveinasimilarwaytotheirancestors,whileothersliveincities,townsandthecountryinthesamewayastheirfellowAustralians.IfIhearanotherwordfromyou,youwillgowhereitisreallycold.(unit7)Nomatterhowhardyoutry,workingtowardsacareerforwhichyouarenotsuitableisnotgoingtogetyouthere.(unit11)2、从句中又含从句Othersthinkthatwelearnlanguageinthesamewaywelearnotherthings,suchaswalkingorsolvingproblems,andthatwhatwearebornwithisageneralabilitytolearnandadapt,notalanguage-specificpartofthebrain.(unit8)阅读中常见的特殊语言现象：1、虚拟语气2、标点符号3、It句子4、否定句1、虚拟语气：Mostexchangestudentssaythattheyfeelasiftheyweretrulypartoftheirhostfamiliesandthattheywillalwaysstayintouch.(unit8)IfIhadhadinsurance,thesicknesswould’thavecausesuchabigproblem.(unit9)2、标点符号：Adsarefoundalmosteverywhere—theyarebroadcastonTVandovertheradio,postedontheInternetandprintedinnewspapersandonpostersinourcities.(unit5)Somepeoplefindadsusefulandentertaining;othersthinkthattheyareannoying.(unit5)Passingthroughthedesert,wecameoutintotheSaltLakeValley,whichlookedbeautifultous.(unit6)3、It句子ItwastheBritishgovernmentthatpaidforalltheequipmentandexpensesforthatpartoftheexpedition.(unit4)Butitwasnotuntilafterthewarthathemadehismostimportantd