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郑州旅游职业学院毕业设计(论文)姓名：学号：年级：系别：专业：指导教师：题目：从中外文化研究语言学的发展历程及对人类的影响（FromthelinguisticscourseofdevelopmentoftheChina-foreignculturalstudiesandhumandevelopment)毕业设计（论文）诚信声明书本人声明：本人所提交的毕业论文《》是本人在指导教师指导下独立研究、写作的成果，论文中所引用他人的无论以何种方式发布的文字、研究成果，均在论文中加以说明；有关教师、同学和其他人员对本文的写作、修订提出过并为我在论文中加以采纳的意见、建议，均已在我的致谢辞中加以说明并深致谢意。本论文和资料若有不实之处，本人承担一切相关责任。论文作者：（签字）时间：年月日指导教师已阅：（签字）时间：年月日郑州旅游职业学院毕业设计（论文）-I-摘要随着经济社会的发展，语言学的发展也突飞猛进。越来越多的人意识到语言的重要性，在学术界，许多专家学者在语言学领域进行研究，分别在不同层面进行分析，外国专家学者也不例外，在语言学知识逐步成形、发展和成熟的过程中，我们日渐自觉与熟练地利用普世性的理论概念和方法描写与解释汉语现象，探索汉语与其他语言之间的共性以及汉语自身的特点。随着研究的不断深入，专家学者提出更准确、更全面，从而更具有普遍意义的新的理论和概念。在这个发展过程中，国外语言学与中国语言学的研究关系越来越紧密，本文将从中国语言学与外国语言学的发展历程方面进行描述，剖析在不同历史时期对人类社会发展的重要性。通过对比研究，得出中国语言学与外国语言学的不同之处和各自的研究意义。关键词：语言学领域;汉语现象;国外语言学与中国语言学;人类社会发展从中外文化研究语言学的发展历程及对人类的影响-II-Abstract（英文摘要）Withtheeconomicandsocialdevelopment,linguisticdevelopmentbyleapsandbounds.Moreandmorepeoplehaverealizedtheimportanceoflanguage,inacademia,manyexpertsandscholarsinthefieldoflinguisticsstudywereanalyzedatdifferentlevels,foreignexpertsandscholarsarenoexception.Inthegraduallyforming,developingandmaturationprocessoflinguisticknowledge,webecomemoreconsciousandskillfuluseofuniversaltheoreticalconceptsandmethodsofdescriptionandinterpretationofthephenomenonofChinese,EnglishandotherlanguagestoexplorecommonalitiesaswellasChineseowncharacteristics.Withthedeepeningofthestudy,expertsandscholarsmademoreaccurate,comprehensiveandthusmoreuniversalsignificanceofnewtheoriesandconcepts.Inthisprocessofdevelopment,therelationshipbetweenforeignlinguisticsandChineselinguisticshavebecomecloser,theessayanalyzesindifferenthistoricalperiodsontheimportanceofdevelopmentofhumansocietyfromChineseLinguisticsandLinguisticsdescribeaspectsofthedevelopmentprocess.Keywords:FieldoflinguisticsLinguistics；Chinesephenomenon；ForeignLinguisticsandChineseLinguistics；thedevelopmentofhumanandsociety郑州旅游职业学院毕业设计（论文）-III-目录摘要···································································································IAbstract（英文摘要）···············································································II第1章语言学的概括················································································11.1语言学的发展状况·········································································11.2简述语言学的分类·········································································11.2.1应用语言学的发展及研究意义···················································21.2.2简述心理语言学的发展····························································2第2章不同文化内涵下语言学的发展··························································32.1语言学的研究对象和任务································································32.2西方语言学发展历程及影响·····························································32.3中国语言学在文化层面下的发展·······················································42.3.1剖析中国语言学发展对人文社会的影响·······································4第3章中国语言学在社会形态下的发展·······················································63.1中国语言学发展的背景···································································63.1.1当代西方的中国语言学史研究···················································63.2中国语言学文化--如何看待世界“汉语热”现象·································73.2.1“汉语热”影响·····································································7第四章中外语言学史的异同·······································································94.1中外语言学史研究的发展趋势··························································94.2中外语言学史的差异·······································································94.3中外语言学史的联系与区别···························································10结论······························································································11参考文献······························································································12致谢······························································································13郑州旅游职业学院毕业设计（论文）-1-第1章语言学的概括1.1语言学的发展状况众所周知，二十世纪的语言学经历了两次重大的研究范式的转变，第一次从传统的语文学向现代的语言学，从历史语言学向结构描写语言学的转向。本世纪最初的三十年，代表人物有索绪尔、鲍厄士、布龙菲尔德、萨丕尔。从此，语言学成为一门独立的人文科学。后来经过霍凯特、海里斯等人的努力，以分布分析为核心的描写语言结构的技术趋于成熟。第二次是从描写语言符号系统内部的成分和构造的结构主义向解释语言的运作机制，进而揭示人类心智特征的认知主义的转向。五十年代末，以乔姆斯基创建转换生成语法为发端，形成了震惊学术界的乔姆斯基革命。从此，语言学从单纯受惠于哲学、心理学转变为对哲学、心理学、医学、计算机科学、人工智能、认知科学等学科产生巨大影响，并成为当代人文科学中的领先科学。从此，语言学的发展越来越迅速，对人类生活也产生重大的影响。当代语言学强调对各种语言学想象做出理论解释，从而有效的预测什么样的语言形式是合格的，什么样的语言形式是不合格的，但是，在解释时候有形式主义和功能主义两种不同的研究取。形式主义是把语言看做是一种形式系统，主张从语言结构的内部寻找语言现象何以如此的解释，从而建立一种能体现人类普遍的语言知识的形式化的理论模型。而功能主义把语言看做一种实际交际的功能的手段，所以随着语言的发展，它最终成为探索人类大脑和心智的窗口。1.2简述语言学的分类语言学首先可以分为理论语言学和应用语言学，一般所说的语言学，主要是指理论研究学。根据研究对象的不同，理论研究学普通语言学和专语语言学（具体语言学)。普通语言学以人类所有的语言为研究对象，探讨人类语言的共同规律，是在具体语言学基础上建立起来的，下面又分普通语音学、普通语法学、普通词汇学等分支学科。专语语言学，以个别的、具体的语言为研究对象。探讨研究某一种语言的规律。从静态研究和研究语言的历史看，又分历时语言学和共时语言学，历时语言学研究具体语言的发展历史，是纵向研究，比如汉语史研究。共时语言学研究具体语言在某一时代的状态（相对静止的状态)规律，对之进行客观的描述，是横向研究。如描写语言学，又分描写语音学、描写语汇学、描写语法学等分支学科，现代汉语就是共时语言学。从中外文化研究语言学的发展历程及对人类的影响-2-1.2.1应用语言学的发展及研究意义长期以来，我国语言研究界一直比较缺乏对自己语言缺乏研究方法自觉总结和有效提炼。近年来我国应用语言学界比较重视理论和方法论的探讨，这是我国应用语言学发展和逐步走向成熟的重要表现。我国应用语言学作为独立学科从1984年起步，经过十多年的艰苦爬坡，到20世纪末已到达一个平台，“其中的几个分支科学（尤其是计算语言学和语言规划）已经具备了相当的基础[1]”。1999年第四次应用语言学学术讨论会召开，正式将应用语言学方法的研