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西方文化入门复习题填空题1.TheearliestcivilizationinGreecewastheCretanCivilization,alsoknownastheMinoanCivilization.2.AttheendofMycenaeancivilization,theTrojanWarbrokeout.3.Inthe6thCenturyB.C.thecityofSpartagainedgreatercontrolofPeloponnesusbyorganizinganallianceofalmostallthePeloponnesianstates.4.ThePersianwars,whichwerebetweenGreekstatesandPersia,endedwithTheBattleofMarathon.5.InGreekmythology,theOlympiangodsincludeZeus,Hestia,Poseidon,Hades,Demeter,Hera,andothersixgods.6.OneofthefeaturesofGreekmythologyisthatgodsresembledhumans.7.PlatowasSocrates’studentandtheauthorofTheRepublic.8.TheSenatewasapoliticalinstitutionstartedfromancientRomeandstillpartoftheparliamentsinsomewesterncountries.9.ThefirstTriumvirateofRomeincludedCaesar,Pompey,andCrassus.10.ThecapitalcityofByzantineEmpirewasConstantinople.11.TheexiledJewssystematicallyrecomposedtheirlegendsandmanuscriptsintothebookTalmud.12.TheBibleofJudaismisthesameastheNewTestamentofChristianity.13.ChristianitybecamethesoleofficialreligionoftheRomanEmpirein392ADundertheemperorTheodosius.14.Christianityhasbrokenupintoseveralfactions,principallytheRomanCatholicism,theEasternOrthodoxy,andtheProtestantism.15.AfterthedestructionofRomanEmpirein476,EuropeenteredtheMiddleAges,whichlastedaboutathousandyearsorsoandwasdominatedbyGermanicpeoplewhomtheRomanshadcalledsavage.16.Inthe7thCentury,Muhammad,anArabianmerchant,foundedthereligionofIslam.17.ThemoststrikingfeatureofRenaissancewasdoubtlesstheflourishingofhumanism,whichwasexemplifiedbythedevelopmentsinscience,religion,philosophy,literature,art,andeducation.18.Thetwoleadersofreligiousreformationin16thcenturywereMartinLutherinGermanyandJohnCalvininFrance.19.Renaissanceartwasrepresentedbythreetoweringfigures:daVinci,Michelangelo,andRaphael.20.TheEnlightenment,whichisgenerallyagreedtohaveoriginatedinFrance,markedthebeginningofthemoderneraandlaidasolidfoundationforthelaterprocessoftheWesternmodernization.21.ThemostimportantbookoftheFrenchphilosopherRousseauwasTheSocialContractwhicharguedagainsttheideathatmonarchsweredivinelyempoweredtolegislateandtheorizedaboutthebestwaytoestablishapoliticalcommunityinthefaceoftheproblemsofcommercialsociety.简答题1.InwhatsensedoyouthinkRomancultureoweditsaccomplishmentstothebenefitsobtainedfromGreekculture?2.HowwastheJewishcivilizationdevelopedafteratortuoushistoryofsplitandunification?3.WhatarethemaincomponentsofChristianity?4.WhytheByzantineEmpirecouldstaymuchlongerthantheWesternRomanEmpire?5.WhatarethemajorachievementsoftheRenaissance?6.BrieflyintroducetworepresentativefiguresoftheEnlightenmentandtheircentralideas.