文件二-第十二讲- 非谓语动词的练习(最新)

InvitationtoEnglishGrammarProfessorLiPengfeiEmail:[e-mail]:15338197927•The•Filmstar•ZhoujielunLecture12Non-finiteverbsSectionOne:TheInfinitiveSectionTwo:TheParticiplesSectionThree:TheGerundIntroductiontotheNon-FinitesInEnglishlanguage,verbshavetwoforms—finiteandnon-finite.Finiteverbsistheonestakenasthepredicateinasentence,whichhaveacorrespondingvariantswithsubjectsindifferentpersonandnumber;non-finiteverbscanactassubject,object,predicative,attributive,adverbialetc.inasentence,whichisnotinfluencedbydifferentsubjects.Itcannotactasthepredicateindividually.Non-finiteverbsTheinfinitiveThefunctionofNominativenounsTheparticiplesThefunctionofadjectivesGerundthefunctionofanounAsthecannotactasthepredicateindividually,theyonlyhavepartialvariantsoftenseandvoice,whichareshowninthefollowingchart(gerundtakesalmostthesameformsastheparticiples)TheyareIncompleteformsofverbsVerbsfollowedbygerundsv-ing形式作宾语顺口溜v-ing形式作宾语，承认依靠和推辞;喜欢面对便欣赏，错过原谅别介意；避免借口遭否认，包括想像多坚持；要阻止，别延迟，想要脱逃冒险值；一个忍受两完成，忙于报告提建议。admit,avoid,appreciate,depend,enjoy,escape,excuse,face,fancy,imagine,favor,finish,deny,include,keep,mind,miss,pardon,practise,prevent,risk,delay,suggest,report,bebusy,beworth,complete,stand,putoff后加v-ing作宾语。VerbsfollowedbygerundsVerbsfollowedbyinfinitives接不定式作宾语的动词顺口溜动词不定作宾语，期希渴欲承担起；愿望碰巧又出现，假装安排不拒绝；准备计划却失败，好像提供又犹豫；企图要把目标证，爱恨要求作选择。afford,agree,care,demand,determine,expect,fail,long,appear,seem,hope,happen,choose,prepare,promise,plan,decide,pretend,refuse,manage,arrange,offer,swear,wish,attempt,aim,prove,hesitate,desire,should(would)like,love,hateVerbsfollowedbyinfinitives省略to不定式作宾补顺口溜省to宾补有十一，五看二听三使役；一个帮助两均可，还有一个是感觉。如若主动变被动，小to一定要带齐。Verbsfollowedbyinfinitiveswithout“to”在have,let,make使役动词；notice,observe,see,watch,lookat,hear,listento,feel,help等感观动词+sb.dosth.1、在be+形容词（如：glad,happy,pleased,anxious,willing,ready等词后保留to.--Willyoujoinusinatalk?--Yes,I’llbegladto.Verbsfollowedbyinfinitiveswithout“to”动词不定作宾语，期希渴欲承担起；愿望碰巧又出现，假装安排不拒绝；准备计划却失败，好像提供又犹豫；企图要把目标证，爱恨要求作选择。•VerbsfollowedbyinfinitivesWith“to”VerbsfollowedbyinfinitivesWith“to”affordagreearrangeaskattemptbegbegincarechooseclaimconsentcontinuedecidehappendemanddeterminedesiredaredeclineexpectendeavorfailforgetguaranteehesitatehopehateintendlearnlonglikemanagemeanneglectneedofferplanpreparepretendpromiseprovepreferproceedrefuseresolveseekseemstarttendthreatentroubletryundertakevolunteerwantwishVerbsfollowedbyinfinitivesWith“to”动后保留to,有爱莫拒绝；愿喜似期希，想劝提要求。在have,need,ought,beable,begoing,used等动词后保留to.1）Ididn’twanttogothere,butIhadto.2)Wegetonprettywell.Betterthanweusedto.ObjectComplementUsesoftheInfinitiveaskadviseallowbegcompelcommanddirectencourageentitleexpectenableforbidforcefeelgethatehelpinstructintendinviteinspirelikeleadletmeannoticeobserveorderpermitpersuadepreferpressremindrequestteachtelltempturgewantwarnwishwatchTheadjectiveclause(relativeclause)e.g■Hesaid,“Ihaveaseverecoldtoday.”Hesaidthathehadaseverecoldthatday.■Thestudentssaid,“Wehavelearnedalotfromtheveteranfiremen.”Thestudentssaid(that)theyhadlearnedalotformtheveteranfiremen.■Shesaidtome,“Iamfeelingmuchbetternow.”Shetoldme(that)shewasfeelingmuchbetterthen.·AttributiveUsesoftheInfinitive•commonnounsinthisstructureare:•abilityagreementambitionanxietyattemptclaim•decisiondeterminationfailureintentionhopeneed•planpromisereadinessrefusalreluctanceresolutionVerbs&theircorrespondingnounsfollowedbytheinfinitive,somesoaretheirnouns,e.gHedecidedtoresign.Hisdecisiontoresignwasturneddownbythemanager.Shefailedtopasstheinterview.Herfailuretopasstheinterviewmadeherdismayed.Iattemptedtostandup.Imadeanattempttostandup.DifferenceBetweenthePresentParticipleandthePastParticipleHefoundthehousetorndown.(thehousewastoredown.)’Hefoundthefireburning.(thefirewasburning.)IheardthesongsungbyMary.(thesongwassangbyMary.)IheardMarysingingthesong.(Marywassingingthesong.)AdverbialUsesoftheInfinitiveAfterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewentoutforawalk.Havingfinishedhishomeworkhewentoutforawalk.Becausehewasbeatenblackandblue,hedidn'tcometoattendthemeeting.Beatenblackandblue,hewasn’tabletoattendthemeeting.Sincetherewasalotofwateronthefloor,wecouldn'tgoout.Therebeingalotofclogwaterhereandthereonthecampus,wecouldn'tgooutIftheweatherpermits,wewillgoforapicnic.Weatherpermitting,wewillgoforapicnic.Absoluteconstruction(==likeaclause)Alocalpeopleleadingtheway,wehadnotroublefindingthestrangecave.Thelittleboyseatinghimselfatthedesk,hismotherbegantotellhimastory.ThebookwritteninsimpleFrench,beginnerswereabletoreadit.Alltheessayshavingbeencollected,theteachersenttheclasshome.ThegerundhasmostofthecharacteristicsofanounItisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.Englishlisteningisournecessarycourse.Dancingboredher.2)theobjectofasentence,e.g.WeoftenpracticespeakingEnglishinourdormitory.Pleasestoptalking.Iremembersendingtheletter.3)thepredicativeofasentence,e.g.Seeingisbelieving.Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.Practiceofthenon-finites1.我最喜欢的运动是游泳。2.今天去没有用，他不会在家。3.你写完作文了吗？4.请原谅我来晚了。5.他不声不响地走了进来。6.她走进来了，没有被看见。7.我不能帮助解决这一问题。8.不要忘记睡觉之前锁上门。9.对不起，我伤害了你，