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8B笔记整理（考点1~40）1.现在完成时的信号词：already已经（肯定句）just刚刚（肯定句）recently近来（肯定句）yet还（否定句或疑问句）never从不/从没（否定句）ever曾经（疑问句）Haveyouever…?since+过去时间点自从……用Howlong提问for+一段时间已经…（多长时间）用Howlong提问sofar到目前为止uptonow到目前为止overtheyears在这些年间表示次数It’sthefirsttimethathehasseen...inthepast…yearsMilliehasbeento…twice/threetimes/manytimes.2.现在完成时的基本结构：肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词3.usedtodosth.过去常常做某事；usedtobe过去曾是…beusedtodoingsth./getusedtodoingsth.习惯做某事注意：观察used前面有没有be动词或者get/got4.Asia亚洲Asian亚洲的/亚洲人Europe欧洲European欧洲的/欧洲人Africa非洲African非洲的/欧洲人America美洲American美洲的/欧洲人*aEuropeancountry虽然元音字母开头，但是发音为辅音，所以用a*AmericansandEuropeans美洲人和欧洲人；AsiansandAfricans亚洲人和非洲人5.Canada加拿大Canadian加拿大的/加拿大人；Australia澳大利亚Australian澳大利亚的/澳大利亚人；Germany德国German德语/德国人的/德国人France法国French法语/法国人的/法国人注意：名词所有格Canadians’books那些加拿大人的书theCanadian’sbook那个加拿大人的书6.①minddoingsth.介意做某事Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow?/Doyoumindmeopeningthewindow?②Nevermind.（口语交际）没关系，不介意③Amomentoffearwentthroughmymind.【名词】头脑，大脑7.句型Thebesttimetodosth.ThebesttimetovisittheUKis…/from…to…SunshineParkisawonderfulplacetoflykites.*与time/place相关的句型（表示最佳时间、最佳地点）使用todo结构；*短语haveagoodtimedoingsth.使用doing结构8.east东方eastern东方的；west西方western西方的；south南方southern南方的；north北方northern北方的；atthesouthernendof…在…的最南端；Westernrestaurants西餐馆（表示西方文化、艺术的时候需要大写）9.can’thelp/stopdoingsth.情不自禁做某事/忍不住做某事stopdoingsth.停止正在做的事；stoptodosth.停下手中的事去做一件新事情10.todo不定式表示目的（理解句意，在翻译句子的基础上理解目的的表达）Wemusttryourbesttostopthepollutiontolive(live)ahappylife.为了…11.beinterestedindoingsth.Sheisinterestedinreadingnovels.对…感兴趣showaninterestindoingsth.Sheshowsaninterestinreadingnovels.interested（感到）有兴趣的interesting令人感兴趣的bored（感到）无聊的boring令人感到无聊的excited（感到）兴奋的exciting令人感到兴奋的relaxed（感到）放松的relaxing令人放松的12.序数词第…intheearly/latetwentiethcentury在（第）二十世纪早/晚期区分：inthe/one’sthirties名词复数形式意思是30~39之间Sheisinhisthirties.thirtieth序数词意思是第三十celebrateherthirtiethbirthday基数词变序数词基数词序数词基数词序数词基数词序数词onefisteighteighthtwentytwentiethtwosecondnineninththirtythirtieththreethirdtententhfortyfortiethfourfourtheleveneleventheightyeightiethfivefifthtwelvetwelfthninetyninetiethsixsixththirteenthirteenthonehundredonehundredthsevenseventhnineteennineteenthtwenty-onetwenty-first13.短语巩固（一）避免做某事avoiddoingsth.由…组成bemadeupof通过…方式（做某事）bydoingsth.例如（做某事）suchasdoingsth.设法完成某事managetodosth.拒绝做某事refusetodosth.必须做某事mustdosth.严禁做某事mustn’tdosth.不得不做某事have/hastodosth.没必要做某事don’t/doesn’thavetodosth.最好做某事hadbetterdosth.最好不做某事hadbetternotdosth.14.hear/seesb.dosth.听见/看见某人做事的全过程hear/seesb.doingsth.听见/看见某人做事的一瞬间注意：经常听见或看见的是全过程Ioftenhearthebirdssing.15.比较级和最高级（适用于形容词和副词）原级比较级最高级原级比较级最高级1.nearnearernearest2.finefinerfinest3.easyeasiereasiest4.slimslimmerslimmest5.beautifulmorebeautifulmostbeautiful6.good/wellbetterbest7.bad/illworseworst8.much/manymoremost9.littlelessleast10.farfarther距离/further程度farthest/furthest比较级的基本结构：比较级+than最高级的基本结构：the+最高级16.区分：形容词的比较级和形容词变副词*Ifinditeasierthanbeforetocompletethetask.*Susancanworkouttheproblemeasily.轻松地解决难题副词修饰动词*修饰比较级much/even/alittle+比较级+than*注意：furtherinformation/study/help…（程度）更进一步的；Furtheron…再往前17.后缀-ful意思是fullof；后缀-less意思是withoutcareful小心的helpful乐于助人的useful有用的careless粗心的helpless无助的useless无用的cheerful兴高采烈的hopeful有希望的meaningful有意义的cheerless无精打采的hopeless绝望的meaningless无意义的tasteful雅致的colourful多彩的noiseless无噪音的tasteless无味的；俗的endless无尽的sleepless失眠的区分：tasty=delicious美味的；tasteful有品味的；雅致的18.反义词前缀un-,in-,im-意思是notuncertain不确定的untidy不整洁的unpleasant使人不愉快的uncomfortable不舒服的incomplete不完全的impatient没有耐心的unimportant不重要的indirect间接的impossible不可能的uninteresting无趣的inactive不积极的impolite没有礼貌的unusual不同寻常的incorrect不正确的improper不恰当的注意：读懂句意，准确判断词性，在理解句子意思的基础上补充词缀。19.词性分析（一）副词修饰动词：It’sverymeaningfultoworkcloselywiththeworkers.密切地与…工作副词修饰句子：OneofmybestfriendsJanehasbeenverybusyrecently.副词修饰形容词：Thejourneyisreallywonderful!注意：如果一个句子是完整的，还需要补充一个词，那么这个词可能是副词。20.可数名词变复数单数复数单数复数单数复数stylestylestomatotomatoespersonpeoplestorystoriesradioradiosmousemiceleafleavesmanmendeerdeerknifekniveswomanwomenfishfishbusbuseschildchildrensheepsheepboxboxesfootfeetChineseChinesematchmatchestoothteethroofroofs特例dishdishesgoosegeesemandoctormendoctors21.makesb./sth.+形容词（或者形容词比较级）makemehappymakesb.dosth.使某人做某事makemefeelhappyletsb.dosth.让某人做某事Let’sgotothepark!22.宾语和主语一致用反身代词myself我自己yourself你自己himself/herself/itself他自己ourselves我们自己yourselves你们自己themselves他们自己helpyourselftosomemilk自取牛奶doitbyyourself靠自己动手做teachmyselftorideabike自学goandseeforyourself亲自去看看keepsecretstooneself自我保密注意：反身代词用于强调Ithinklifeitselfisalearningprocess.区分：*1.yourself和yourselves：Goandseeforyourselves,mydearfriends.*2.主语和宾语不一致时，不用反身代词，使用宾格。Pleasekeepthesecrettoher.23.句型：oneof+the+最高级+可数名词复数+谓语动词（三单形式）YangtzeEveningPost(扬子晚报)isoneofthemostpopularreadsinChina.read【名词】读物；reader【名词】读者24.短语巩固（二）继续做某事continuedoingsth.梦想做某事dreamof/aboutdoingsth.隐藏的宝藏thehiddentreasure出差beonbusiness使水龙头正流动leavethetaprunning结婚（瞬间）getmarried冒险做某事riskdoingsth.持续做某事keepdoingsth.获得第四名finishfourth放弃做某事giveupdoingsth.25.特殊疑问词what,how,where,when,which,who+todoShedidn’tknowwhotoaskforhelp.=Shedidn’tknowwhoshecanaskforhelp.26.一般过去时：主语+动词过去式+……过去发生的事情过去进行时：主语+was/were+动词