45《英语句子概论》nounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ingV-edetc.主语谓语宾语宾语宾补表语宾语(间)宾语(直)VtV-lViNoun/PronounThe+adjV-ing/ClauseInfinitiveNoun/Pronoun/The+adjV-ing/Clause/Infinitivebe/feel/seem/lookappear/stand/liebecome/get/grow/turngo/come/remain/keeptaste/smelletc.nounpronounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ing/V-edclauseetc.主语+不及物动词Shecame./Myheadaches.主语+及物动词+宾语ShelikesEnglish.主语+系动词+主语补语(表语)Sheishappy.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语ShegaveJohnabook.Sheboughtabookforme.主语+宾补动词+宾语+宾语补语Shemakeshermotherangry.Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.There+beThereisabookonthedesk.简单句基本句型实例简单句的基本词序主语动词部分宾语状语(谓语)方式地点时间Iboughtahatyesterday.Thechildrenranhome.Weateourmealinsilence.Thecarstoppedsuddenly.名词性从句•名词性从句在功能上相当于名词主语{Hisjobisimportant.Whathedoesisimportant.表语Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.{宾语{Idon’tlikehisjob.Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.同位语{Idon’tknowabouttheman,Mr.White.Idon’tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.什么叫名词性从句?•在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(NounClauses)•名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等•因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句种类主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句Whatkindofnounclausestheyare?1.Whatlifewillbelikeinthefutureisdifficulttopredict.2.Theyarecarefulaboutwhattheyeatandexerciseregularly.3.Theschoolsofthefutureswillprobablybedifferentfromwhattheyaretoday.subjectiveclauseobjectiveclauseobjectiveclauseWhatkindofnounclausestheyare?4.Wecannotbesurewhetherourdreamswillcometrue,butwecanatleastbehopefulthat...5.Ifwelearntoacceptchangeandappreciatewhatisnewanddifferent,wewillbewell-preparedforwhateverthefuturemayhaveinstore.6.Thediscussiontopicfortodayiswhatschoolwillbelikeinthefuture.objectiveclauseobjectiveclausespredicativeclause考点1.考查名词性从句的语序考点2.考查引导词that与what的区别考点3.考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法考点4.考查whether与if的区别考点5.考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与nomatter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别考点6.考查名词性从句的虚拟语气考点7.考查同位语从句及其隔离现象;同位语从句与定语从句的区别考点8.考查名词性从句的时态考点9.与其他知识点交叉考查考点10.名词性从句的固定结构1.Thephotographswillshowyou____.A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike2.Youcanhardlyimagine____whenheheardthenews.A.howhewasexcitedB.howwasheexcitedC.howexcitedhewasD.hewashowexcited语序问题3.Heasked____foraviolin.A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid4.Icouldn’tunderstand___withme.A.thematterwaswhatB.whatthematterwasC.whatwasthematterD.thatwasthematter结论:名词性从句应选用陈述句语序。关联词引导名词性从句的连接词有:1.连接代词:who,whose,whom,what,which(+n.),whatever等2.连接副词:when,where,why,how,whenever,howmuch等3.连词:that,whether,if,asif,because等Analysis1.Whowillgothereisnotimportant.(主语从句)连接代词在从句中作主语2.Whatweneedismoretime.(主语从句)连接代词在从句中作宾语总结:连接代词在从句中作主语,宾语,表语。3.Whentheywillstarthasnotbeendecidedyet.(主语从句)连接副词在从句中作状语4.Howshebecameagreatscientistisknowntoall.(主语从句)连接副词在从句中作状语总结:连接副词在从句中作时间,地点,方式,原因等状语。5.Whethershewillcome(ornot)isstillaquestion.(主语从句)连词在句中仅仅起连接的作用,在从句中不充当成分。6.Thathewaschosenmonitormadeusveryhappy.(主语从句)连词that在句中仅仅起连接的作用,在从句中不但不充当成分,而且没有实际的语意。Compare&distinguish1.ThefactthatGreatBritainismadeupofthreecountriesisstillunknowntomany.(同位语从句)连词that在从句中不充当成分。2.Thestatethatconsistsofthreecountriesisdevelopingveryfast.(定语从句)关系代词that在从句中充当主要成分,有时可以换为which。SubjectClauses主语从句主语从句:从句在句中充当主语成分1).Thathewillsucceediscertain.2)Whetherhewillgothereisnotknown.3)Whathesaidisnottrue.4)Wherehehidthemoneyistobefoundout.5)Whoevercomesiswelcome.6)It’scertainthathewillsucceed.7)Howwecanhelpthetwinswillbediscussedatthemeeting.8)Whenthey’llstarttheprojecthasnotbeendecidedyet.名词性从句的连接词主语从句(一般位于句首)1.连词that(无词义,不作成分,不能省略);whether(是否),不用if.Thathewillcomeandhelpusiscertain.Whetherwewillsucceedisstillaquestion.注意:已确定的事由that引导;没决定的事由whether引导.3.连接副词when(ever),where(ever),why,how(ever),howlong,howoften,howsoon,howfar,howmany/much等.Whenthetestwillbegivenisnotyetdecided.Howmuchwecanspendmustbeagreedon.2.连接代词what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which,whichever等.Whatheishasnothingtodowithyou.Whoseticketthisishasnotbeenfoundout.1.____youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether2.____hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter3.____wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan____wehave.A.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.That;what考点一:主语从句后置!为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.例:Thatweshallbelateiscertain.--It’scertainthatweshallbelate.1.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.--2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.--在口语中,用it做形式主语时,主语从句的that可以省略。Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.It’sknowntoallthattheearthisround.另外,wh-疑问词引导的主语从句,可以放在句首(第一组),也可以借助形式主语it(第二组)。第一组:Whenhe'llbebackdependsmuchontheweather.Howitwasdonewasamystery.Whetherwe'llsucceedremainstobeseen.第二组:Itisuncertainwhetherthegamewillbeheld.It'sapuzzlehowlifebegan.Itdoesn'tmattermuchwherewelive.Isitknownwherehewent?It做形式主语的主要结构:1).It’possible/important/necessary/clear…that……很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清楚…2).It’ssaid/reported…that..据说/据报道…3).It’sbeenannounced/declaredthat..已经通知/宣布…4).Itseems/appears/happens..that…显然、明显、碰巧..5).It’snowonderthat…并不奇怪/无疑…6).It’sapity/afact/acommonknowledge(众所周知)/acommonsaying….(俗话说)that1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数形式.Thattheywillcomeiscertain.2.由who,whoever引导的主语从句的单复数要视主句中的单复数而定.Whoeversaythataretobepunis