(十四)主谓一致英语中,主语的单复数形式决定着谓语动词的单复数形式。主谓一致必须遵循以下三条原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。1.并列结构作主语时。▲由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。如:Ayoungmanandagirlwanttogothere.★但如果在意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一个概念时,谓语动词要用单数形式。如:Aneedleandthreadwasfoundonthefloor.▲当each...andeach...;every...andevery...;no...andno...;manya...andmanya...结构作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:Nomanandnoanimalistobefoundonthemoon.Manyadoctorandmanyanurseisbusywiththeirwork.▲由notonly...butalso...;either...or...;neither...nor...;or连接的并列主语,谓语动词与就近的名词或代词保持一致。如:Eithertheplayersorthecoachisresponsibleforthedefeat.▲当主语由aswellas,alongwith,togetherwith,ratherthan,nolessthan,but,except,besides,inadditionto,like,including等词连接时,其谓语动词与前面的名词或代词保持一致。如:Anironandstealworks,withsomesatellitefactories,istobebuilthere.Tom,alongwithhisfriends,goesskatingeverySaturday.2.百分数、分数作主语时。当百分数、分数后面加名词或代词时,要根据这个名词或代词来决定其谓语动词的单复数形式。如果是复数名词或代词,谓语动词用复数;如果是单数名词(或不可数名词)或代词,谓语动词用单数。如:Fiftypercentofthestudentsinourschoolaregirls.Threefourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.3.不定代词作主语时。▲不定代词each,another,theother,either,neither和由some,any,no,every+one或thing构成的复合代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:Neitherofushasgonethroughregulartraining.Nobodywantstogothere,doeshe?Somethinghasbeendonetoendthestrike.▲all作主语表示人时,谓语动词用复数;表示物时,谓语动词用单数。如:Alliswellthatendswell.Allareeagertoreachanagreement.4.表示“全体”、“部分”等意义的词作主语时。▲当主语是most,therest,thelast,theremainder等时,其谓语一般应遵循意义一致的原则:如果of后面的名词是单数,则用单数;如果of后面的名词表示复数,则用复数。如:Threeofuswillgo,therestaretostayhere.Afterthebigfire,theremainderisnothing.5.“the+形容词/过去分词”作主语时。▲当“the+形容词/过去分词”表示一类人或事物时,谓语动词用复数;如果指某一抽象概念时,谓语动词则用单数。如:Thesickhereareverywellcaredfor.Thetrueistobedistinguishedfromthefalse.6.形式为复数、意义为单数的名词作主语时。▲表示时间、距离、金额、重量、计量、空间、体积等意义的复数名词作主语,谓语动词常用单数形式。如:Eighthoursofsleepisenough.Tenpoundswasmissingfromthetill.7.number;manya...等作主语时。▲thenumberof...(……的数目)作主语时,谓语动词用单数;而anumberof...(许多……)作主语时,谓语动词用复数。如:Thenumberofmistakesissurprising.▲manya,morethanone+单数名词构成的短语,尽管意义上是复数,但谓语动词仍用单数形式。如:Manyacomradehasthatkindofopportunity.8.集体名词作主语时。▲有生命的词,如:cattle,police等作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:Thepoliceareinvestigatingthecrime.9.“oneof+复数名词+定语从句”结构中的主谓一致。▲在“oneof+复数名词+定语从句”结构中,定语从句中谓语动词的单复数应由它修饰的先行词的数来决定。如:Thisisoneoftheroomsthatweredamagedinthefire.▲在“theonlyoneof+复数名词+定语从句”结构中,定语从句的谓语动词应用单数形式。如:Maryistheonlyoneoftheyoungestgirlswhoplaysintheband.10.从句、动词不定式、ing形式作主语时。▲在“主系表”结构中,如果以what从句作主语,表语又是单数,主句的谓语动词一般用单数;如果表语是复数,主句的谓语动词一般用复数;动词不定式、ing形式作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数。如:Whatcausedtheaccidentisacompletemystery.TolearnEnglishwellisdifflcult.过关落实1.Asurveyoftheopinionsofexperts______thatthreehoursofoutdoorexerciseaweek________goodforone’shealth.A.show;areB.shows;isC.show;isD.shows;are解析:“asurvey”作主语,谓语动词用单数;表时间,距离,金钱的可数名词复数作主语,谓语动词也用单数。答案:B2.Welivedaybyday,butinthegreatthings,thetimeofdaysandweeks________sosmallthatadayisunimportant.A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeen解析:主语是“thetime”,故谓语动词用单数。答案:A3.Thecompanyhadabout20notebookcomputersbutonlyonethird________usedregularly.Nowwehave60workingalldaylong.A.isB.areC.wasD.were解析:此处onethird指onethirdof20notebookcomputers,故为复数;与now相对,用过去时。答案:D4.MostofwhathasbeensaidabouttheSmiths________alsotrueoftheJohnsons.A.areB.isC.beingD.tobe解析:主语为“大部分对Smith夫妇的说法”,看成单数,谓语动词用is。答案:B5.Apoetandartist________comingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteratureandpaintingtomorrowafternoon.A.isB.areC.wasD.were解析:apoetandartist指一个人,既是诗人,也是艺术家。答案:A6.Thefatheraswellashisthreechildren________skatingonthefrozenrivereverySundayafternooninwinter.A.isgoingB.goC.goesD.aregoing解析:主语仍为thefather,单数形式;aswellashisthreechildren作句子的状语,不影响谓语动词的单复数。答案:C7.________ofthelandinthatdistrict________coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth;isB.Twofifth;areC.Twofifths;isD.Twofifths;are解析:表示分数时,分子大于一,分母(序数词形式)加s;主语为land,不可数,故谓语动词用单数。答案:C8.Everypossiblemeans________topreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.A.isusedB.areusedC.hasbeenusedD.havebeenused解析:everypossiblemeans每一种可行的方式;means单复数同形,此句中为单数;表示“每种办法都用过了”,用现在完成时的被动语态。答案:C9.Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests,alarge________ofdesert________coveredtheland.A.number;hasB.quantity;hasC.number;haveD.quantity;have解析:alargenumberof不修饰不可数名词;alargequantityof+不可数名词,谓语用单数。答案:B10.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho________thewinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen解析:有theonly修饰先行词,其后的定语从句中谓语用单数。答案:D11.ThepopulationofChina________over1.3billionandeightypercentofitspopulation________peasants.A.is;areB.are;isC.is;isD.are;are解析:population表示“人口”。当表示人口数为多少时谓语动词用单数,如果有分数或百分数修饰时,谓语用复数。答案:A12.Greyaswellashistwocompanions________leave________Paristomorrow.A.areto;forB.isto;forC.isto;toD.areto;to解析:句中主语是Grey,单数,故谓语也用单数;leaveforsp.,动身去某地。答案:B13.Eitheryourparentsoryourelderbrother________toattendthemeetingtomorrowafternoon.A.areB.haveC.isD.had解析:either...or...遵循就近一致的原则,因yourelderbrother为单数,句中谓语也用单数。答案:C14.30%ofthecattle________thin,buttherest________fat.A.are;areB.is;isC.is;areD.are;is解析:句中主语分别为thecattle/therestofthecattle,即“牛/余下的牛”,是可数名词复数,故谓语用复数。答案:A15.Thewriterandactor________invitedtogiveusareportonplaysinChina.A.wereB.havebeenC.wasD.has解析:thewriterandactor指一个人(既是作家也是演员),谓语动词应为单数。答案:C