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(十四)主谓一致英语中，主语的单复数形式决定着谓语动词的单复数形式。主谓一致必须遵循以下三条原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。1.并列结构作主语时。▲由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：Ayoungmanandagirlwanttogothere.★但如果在意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一个概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Aneedleandthreadwasfoundonthefloor.▲当each...andeach...；every...andevery...；no...andno...；manya...andmanya...结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Nomanandnoanimalistobefoundonthemoon.Manyadoctorandmanyanurseisbusywiththeirwork.▲由notonly...butalso...；either...or...；neither...nor...；or连接的并列主语，谓语动词与就近的名词或代词保持一致。如：Eithertheplayersorthecoachisresponsibleforthedefeat.▲当主语由aswellas,alongwith,togetherwith，ratherthan,nolessthan,but,except,besides,inadditionto,like,including等词连接时，其谓语动词与前面的名词或代词保持一致。如：Anironandstealworks,withsomesatellitefactories,istobebuilthere.Tom,alongwithhisfriends,goesskatingeverySaturday.2.百分数、分数作主语时。当百分数、分数后面加名词或代词时，要根据这个名词或代词来决定其谓语动词的单复数形式。如果是复数名词或代词，谓语动词用复数；如果是单数名词(或不可数名词)或代词，谓语动词用单数。如：Fiftypercentofthestudentsinourschoolaregirls.Threefourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.3.不定代词作主语时。▲不定代词each,another,theother,either,neither和由some,any,no,every＋one或thing构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Neitherofushasgonethroughregulartraining.Nobodywantstogothere，doeshe?Somethinghasbeendonetoendthestrike.▲all作主语表示人时，谓语动词用复数；表示物时，谓语动词用单数。如：Alliswellthatendswell.Allareeagertoreachanagreement.4.表示“全体”、“部分”等意义的词作主语时。▲当主语是most,therest,thelast,theremainder等时，其谓语一般应遵循意义一致的原则：如果of后面的名词是单数，则用单数；如果of后面的名词表示复数，则用复数。如：Threeofuswillgo,therestaretostayhere.Afterthebigfire,theremainderisnothing.5.“the＋形容词/过去分词”作主语时。▲当“the＋形容词/过去分词”表示一类人或事物时，谓语动词用复数；如果指某一抽象概念时，谓语动词则用单数。如：Thesickhereareverywellcaredfor.Thetrueistobedistinguishedfromthefalse.6.形式为复数、意义为单数的名词作主语时。▲表示时间、距离、金额、重量、计量、空间、体积等意义的复数名词作主语，谓语动词常用单数形式。如：Eighthoursofsleepisenough.Tenpoundswasmissingfromthetill.7.number；manya...等作主语时。▲thenumberof...(……的数目)作主语时，谓语动词用单数；而anumberof...(许多……)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：Thenumberofmistakesissurprising.▲manya,morethanone＋单数名词构成的短语，尽管意义上是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Manyacomradehasthatkindofopportunity.8.集体名词作主语时。▲有生命的词，如：cattle,police等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Thepoliceareinvestigatingthecrime.9.“oneof＋复数名词＋定语从句”结构中的主谓一致。▲在“oneof＋复数名词＋定语从句”结构中，定语从句中谓语动词的单复数应由它修饰的先行词的数来决定。如：Thisisoneoftheroomsthatweredamagedinthefire.▲在“theonlyoneof＋复数名词＋定语从句”结构中，定语从句的谓语动词应用单数形式。如：Maryistheonlyoneoftheyoungestgirlswhoplaysintheband.10.从句、动词不定式、ing形式作主语时。▲在“主系表”结构中，如果以what从句作主语，表语又是单数，主句的谓语动词一般用单数；如果表语是复数，主句的谓语动词一般用复数；动词不定式、ing形式作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：Whatcausedtheaccidentisacompletemystery.TolearnEnglishwellisdifflcult.过关落实1.Asurveyoftheopinionsofexperts______thatthreehoursofoutdoorexerciseaweek________goodforone’shealth.A.show；areB.shows；isC.show；isD.shows；are解析：“asurvey”作主语，谓语动词用单数；表时间，距离，金钱的可数名词复数作主语，谓语动词也用单数。答案：B2.Welivedaybyday，butinthegreatthings，thetimeofdaysandweeks________sosmallthatadayisunimportant.A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeen解析：主语是“thetime”，故谓语动词用单数。答案：A3.Thecompanyhadabout20notebookcomputersbutonlyonethird________usedregularly.Nowwehave60workingalldaylong.A.isB.areC.wasD.were解析：此处onethird指onethirdof20notebookcomputers，故为复数；与now相对，用过去时。答案：D4.MostofwhathasbeensaidabouttheSmiths________alsotrueoftheJohnsons.A.areB.isC.beingD.tobe解析：主语为“大部分对Smith夫妇的说法”，看成单数，谓语动词用is。答案：B5.Apoetandartist________comingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteratureandpaintingtomorrowafternoon.A.isB.areC.wasD.were解析：apoetandartist指一个人，既是诗人，也是艺术家。答案：A6.Thefatheraswellashisthreechildren________skatingonthefrozenrivereverySundayafternooninwinter.A.isgoingB.goC.goesD.aregoing解析：主语仍为thefather，单数形式；aswellashisthreechildren作句子的状语，不影响谓语动词的单复数。答案：C7.________ofthelandinthatdistrict________coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth；isB.Twofifth；areC.Twofifths；isD.Twofifths；are解析：表示分数时，分子大于一，分母(序数词形式)加s；主语为land，不可数，故谓语动词用单数。答案：C8.Everypossiblemeans________topreventtheairpollution，buttheskyisstillnotclear.A.isusedB.areusedC.hasbeenusedD.havebeenused解析：everypossiblemeans每一种可行的方式；means单复数同形，此句中为单数；表示“每种办法都用过了”，用现在完成时的被动语态。答案：C9.Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests，alarge________ofdesert________coveredtheland.A.number；hasB.quantity；hasC.number；haveD.quantity；have解析：alargenumberof不修饰不可数名词；alargequantityof＋不可数名词，谓语用单数。答案：B10.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho________thewinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen解析：有theonly修饰先行词，其后的定语从句中谓语用单数。答案：D11.ThepopulationofChina________over1.3billionandeightypercentofitspopulation________peasants.A.is；areB.are；isC.is；isD.are；are解析：population表示“人口”。当表示人口数为多少时谓语动词用单数，如果有分数或百分数修饰时，谓语用复数。答案：A12.Greyaswellashistwocompanions________leave________Paristomorrow.A.areto；forB.isto；forC.isto；toD.areto；to解析：句中主语是Grey，单数，故谓语也用单数；leaveforsp.，动身去某地。答案：B13.Eitheryourparentsoryourelderbrother________toattendthemeetingtomorrowafternoon.A.areB.haveC.isD.had解析：either...or...遵循就近一致的原则，因yourelderbrother为单数，句中谓语也用单数。答案：C14.30%ofthecattle________thin，buttherest________fat.A.are；areB.is；isC.is；areD.are；is解析：句中主语分别为thecattle/therestofthecattle，即“牛/余下的牛”，是可数名词复数，故谓语用复数。答案：A15.Thewriterandactor________invitedtogiveusareportonplaysinChina.A.wereB.havebeenC.wasD.has解析：thewriterandactor指一个人(既是作家也是演员)，谓语动词应为单数。答案：C