必修四Unit4-V-ing形式作定语和状语

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1必修四Unit4V-ing形式做定语和状语V-ing形式V-ing形式由“do+ing”构成,其否定形式是“notdoing”,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式(not)doing(not)beingdone完成式(not)havingdone(not)havingbeendone动词-ing做定语1、单个动词的V-ing形式可以单独充当名词的前置修饰语,这时有两种情况。1)-ing形式表示被修饰者的作用或功能,这类作定语的-ing形式叫动名词。aswimmingpool=apoolusedforswimmingdrinkingwater=waterusedfordrinkingasleepingcar=acarusedforsleeping2)-ing形式表示“......的”意思,表被修饰者的动作或状态,叫现在分词。asleepingchild=achildwhoissleepingworkingpeople=peoplewhoareworkingtherisingsun=thesunthatisrising2、动词-ing形式短语作定语时一般放在它所修饰的名词之后,相当于一个定语从句。如:Theyarevisitorscomingfromseveralcountries.Theboystandingthereisaclassmateofmine.Inthefollowingyearsheworkedevenharder.2在后来的几年中,他学习更努力了。Themanspeakingtotheteacherisourmonitor'sfather.正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。3、现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能,如:inthefollowingyears=intheyearsthatfollowedthemanspeakingtotheteacher=themanwhoisspeakingtotheteacher单项选择答案1-4:DACA动词-ing做状语动词-ing在语法功能上相当于动词、形容词和副词。现在分词通常和逻辑主语之间存在主动关系。但要注意它的各种形式变化:主动形式被动形式一般式V-ingbeingV-ed完成式havingV-edhavingbeenV-edHearingthebell,thestudentsbegantoentertheclassroom.(听见和进入两个动作同时发生。)Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisournewlibrary.(beingbuilt为现在分词的被动形式,表示动作正在进行之中。)Havingdonethework,hewenthome.完成了工作,他就回家了。现在分词作状语往往和逻辑主语之间存在主动关系。现在分词作状语,常常用来表示原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。现在分词一般不用作表目的的状语(通常用不定式表目的状语)。31、表时间状语Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.Whilewaitingforthebus,hereadacopyofChinaDaily.=Whilehewaswaitingforthebus,hereadacopyofChinaDaily.2、表原因状语Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.=Because/Ashewasill,hedidn’tgotoschool.Beingastudent,youshouldstudyhard.=Sinceyouareastudent,youshouldstudyhard.Thinkinghemightbeathome,Icalledhim.=AsIthoughthemightbeathome,Icalledhim.3、表方式、伴随情况地状语作伴随状语地分词表示的动作,必须是主语的一个动作,或是与谓语所表示的动作(或状态)同时发生,或是对谓语表示的动词(或状态)作进一步地补充说明。Hesatonthesofa,watchingTV.=Hesatonthesofa,andwatchedTV.他们笑着谈着走进了教室。Laughingandtalking,theywentintotheclassroom.他斜靠(lean)着墙站着。Hestoodleaningagainstthewall.=Hestoodandleanedagainstthewall.4、表结果Hermotherdiedin1990,leavingherwithheryoungerbrother.4=Hermotherdiedin1990,andleftherwithheryoungerbrother.全国到处在传唱这首歌曲,使它成了一首最受欢迎的歌曲。Thesongissungalloverthecountry,makingitthemostpopularsong.5、表条件Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.=Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.一直往前走,你就会看到一座白色的房子。Walkingahead,youwillseeawhitehouse.6、与逻辑主语构成独立主格Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,theywentawaydisappointedly.所有的票已经卖光了,他们失望地离开了。Timepermitting,we'lldoanothertwoexercises.如果时间允许,我们将做另两个练习。有时也可用with(without)+名词(代词宾格)+分词形式Withthelightsburning,hefellasleep.他点着灯睡着了。7、作独立成分:Judgingfrom(by)hisappearance,hemustbeanactor.从外表看,他一定是个演员。注:-ing形式作状语时,它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的。Timepermitting,Iwillpayavisittothewholecity.(分词的逻辑主语是time,而句子的主语是I,两者不构成主谓关系,所以只能用独立主格结构,也就是给现在分词补充一个主语。)

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