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专题八科普知识类专题八│科普知识类专题导读科普类文章是高考阅读理解中的难点题材，其取材密切联系当前经济和科技等方面的变化，以介绍某一科学现象居多。科普类文章具有结构严谨，逻辑性强等特点。其主要命题形式有事实细节题、词义猜测题、推理判断题以及主旨概括题等，其中推理判断题居多。这类文章的总体特点是：科技词汇多，句子结构复杂，理论性强，逻辑严谨。具体说来它有以下几个特点：1．文章中词汇的意义比较单一、稳定、简明，不带感情色彩，具有单一性和准确性的特点。这类文章通常不会出现文学英语中采用的排比、比喻、夸张等修辞手法，一词多义的现象也不多见。2．句子结构较复杂，语法分析较困难。为了描述一个客观事物，严密地表达自己的思想，作者经常会使用集多种语法现象于一体的长句。3．常使用被动语态，尤其是一些惯用被动句式。真题再现[2010·山东]Batteriescanpoweranythingfromsmallsensorstolargesystems.Whilescientistsarefindingwaystomakethemsmallerbutevenmorepowerful，problemscanarisewhenthesebatteriesaremuchlargerandheavierthanthedevicesthemselves.UniversityofMissouri(MU)researchersaredevelopinganuclearenergysourcethatissmaller，lighterandmoreefficient.“Toprovideenoughpower，weneedcertainmethodswithhighenergydensity(密度)，”saidJaeKwon，assistantprofessorofelectricalandcomputerengineeringatMU.“Theradioisotope(放射性同位素)batterycanprovidepowerdensitythatismuchhigherthanchemicalbatteries.”Kwonandhisresearchteamhavebeenworkingonbuildingasmallnuclearbattery，presentlythesizeandthicknessofapenny，intendedtopowervariousmicro/nanoelectromechanicalsystems(M/NEMS)．Althoughnuclearbatteriescancauseconcerns，Kwonsaidtheyaresafe.“Peopleheartheword‘nuclear’andthinkofsomethingverydangerous，”hesaid.“However，nuclearpowersourceshavealreadybeensafelypoweringavarietyofdevices，suchaspacemakers，spacesatellitesandunderwatersystems.”Hisnewideaisnotonlyinthebattery’ssize，butalsoinitssemiconductor(半导体)．Kwon’sbatteryusesaliquidsemiconductorratherthanasolidsemiconductor.“Thekeypartofusingaradioactivebatteryisthatwhenyouharvesttheenergy，partoftheradiationenergycandamagethelatticestructure(晶格结构)ofthesolidsemiconductor，”Kwonsaid.“Byusingaliquidsemiconductor，webelievewecanminimizethatproblem.”TogetherwithJ.DavidRobertson，chemistryprofessorandassociatedirectoroftheMUResearchReactor，Kwonisworkingtobuildandtestthebattery.Inthefuture，theyhopetoincreasethebattery’spower，shrinkitssizeandtrywithvariousothermaterials.Kwonsaidthatthebatterycouldbethinnerthanthethicknessofhumanhair.()1.WhichofthefollowingistrueofJaeKwon?A.HeteacheschemistryatMU.B.Hedevelopedachemicalbattery.C.Heisworkingonanuclearenergysource.D.Hemadeabreakthroughincomputerengineering.()2.JaeKwongaveexamplesinParagraph4________.A.toshowchemicalbatteriesarewidelyappliedB.toindicatenuclearbatteriescanbesafelyusedC.todescribeanuclearpoweredsystemD.tointroducevariousenergysources()3.Liquidsemiconductorisusedto________.A.getridoftheradioactivewasteB.testthepowerofnuclearbatteriesC.decreasethesizeofnuclearbatteriesD.reducethedamagetolatticestructure()4.AccordingtoJaeKwon，hisnuclearbattery________.A.usesasolidsemiconductorB.willsoonreplacethepresentonesC.couldbeextremelythinD.haspassedthefinaltest()5.Thetextismostprobablya________.A.sciencenewsreportB.bookreviewC.newspaperadD.sciencefictionstory【文章大意】本文属于科普类文章。主要介绍一种体积更小、能量更大、优点更多的新能源电池的开发。1.C细节理解题。根据文章第二段“JaeKwon,assistantprofessorofelectricalandcomputerengineeringatMU.排除A项；参照第二段Theradioisotope(放射性同位素)batterycanprovidepowerdensitythatismuchhigherthanchemicalbatteries.”排除B项；文章无D项内容。参照第三段内容可推测C项正确。2.B推理判断题。根据本段关键词“dangerous,safely”可知选B。3.D句意理解题。参照第六段“Thekeypart…damage…Byusingaliquidsemiconductor,webelievewecanminimizethatproblem.”4.C推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Kwonsaidthatthebatterycouldbethinnerthanthethicknessofhumanhair.”可以判断C项正确。5.A文章类型题。本文属于科普类，故很有可能是sciencenewsreport。专题预测(一)Fromthefirstuseoftherockettocarrysatellitesintospace,tothesettingupofspacestations,humanbeingshavebeenputtinggreateffortintospaceresearch.Andsofar,wehaveachievedmanysuccesses.Buttherearestillnumeroustasksinfrontofusandweshouldnotceasetryingtoprogress.Theinternationalspacestationisanimportantstepweshouldtakeinspaceexploration.Itisnotonlyhelpfulbutalsoessential.Itprovidesaproperspaceenvironmentformanyexperimentsthatwehavewantedtodoforalongtime.Itisalsoabaseforobservationsoftheearthandtheuniverse.ItcouldalsobeanimportantbaseforlatertraveltothemoonandMars.Inaword,ifwewanttoexplorespacemore,thefirstthingweshoulddoistosetupaspacestation.Asthespacestationcostsalotofmoney,itishardforonecountryalonetoestablishone.TheUSAseemstobetheonlycountrythathastheabilitytobuildaspacestationalone,andithastriedtodoso,butnotverysuccessful.Soitaggregatedmanyothercountriestoworkonittogether.Thoughitisstillextremelyexpensive,itismuchcheaperthandoingitalone.Itisreallyajobthatneedseveryone’seffortandwillbenefiteveryone.Butevenso,thefundsneededarestillabigproblem.AsfortheUSA,itseemsthatithastoomanythingstospenditsmoneyon.Althoughitistherichestcountryintheworld,ithasmuchdebteveryyear.Ithastomakearrangementsaboutitsfinance,andtrytofindabalanceinalltheseissues.()1.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsbuildinganddevelopingtheinternationalspacestation?A．Supportive.B．Doubtful.C．Critical.D．Dissatisfied.()2.FromParagraph2wecanconcludethat________.A．thenecessityofbuildingtheinternationalspacestationisnotrealizednowB．manyexperimentshavebeendoneintheinternationalspacestationC．theinternationalspacestationisnecessaryforpeopletoexplorespacemoreD．peoplehavetraveledtoMarsfromtheinternationalspacestation()3.Whichofthefollowin