44《名词的数》名词的数名词的所有格名词的变化可数名词不可数名词1.不可数名词(U)一般情况下,不可数名词没有复数形式,前面不与不定冠词a(n)连用,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。Milkismyfavouritefood.Waterisveryimportanttousall.特殊情况:1)如果不可数名词表示特指,则必须与定冠词(the)或其它限定词连用。Themilkinthecupwasbad.2)当不可数名词表示个体时,必须使用单位名词(量词)。apieceofadvice/bread/chalk/newsetc.apairofglasses/shoes/trousersetc.twobottlesofink/milk/wineetc.3)部分带有形容词修饰语的不可数名词可以用来表示“一种”,“一段”,“一类”等,常与不定冠词a(n)连用。foralongtimetakeagreatinterestliveahardlifemakeafire下面不可数名词不可与不定冠词连用。adviceweatherknowledgehomeworkprogressfunnewshouseworkinformationfurnituretraffic4)有些名词的用法随意义变化而不同。coffee(咖啡)acoffee(一杯咖啡)glass(玻璃)aglass(玻璃杯)man(人类)aman(男人)iron(铁)aniron(熨斗)room(空间)aroom(房间)work(工作awork(著作)paper(报纸)apaper(报社)hair(头发)hairs(几根头发)5)部分以-s结尾的专有名词指某一事物名称常用做单数。TheUnitedStatesismadeupof50states.TheUnitedNationshassentanofficialthere.但是,TheOlympicGamesareheldeveryfouryears.2.可数名词:个体名词(worker,pen,dogetc.)集体名词(family,group,policeetc.)运用原则:适当的冠词+[C]或[pl]形式。Ahorseisakindofanimals.Thehorseisakindofanimals.Horsesrunfasterthandonkeys.复数名词的构成方式:1)名词后直接加-s。清辅音后读[s];浊辅音和元音后读[z].desksdogsapplesdays2)以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词加-es[iz].buseswatchesboxesclasses3)以“辅音+y”结尾的名词,先把y变成i,再加上-es[iz].factoriescountriescitiesbabies4)以“元音+y”结尾的名词,或以y结尾的专有名词直接加-s[z].boysdaysGermans5)以”辅音字母+o”结尾的名词,加-es[iz]heroestomatoespotatoeszeroesHeroeseattomatoesandpotatoes.大多数以o结尾的外来词,缩略词直接加-s.radiosphotospianoszoosbamboos7)以f和fe结尾的名词的复数有三种情况:a)直接加-s.一个首领(chief)带着一个农奴(serf)在海湾(gulf)的悬崖(cliff)上发现一个屋顶(roof)上面有个保险箱(safe)。b)变f或fe为-ves.一个贼人(thief)的妻子(wife)冒着生命(life)危险用半(half)片树叶(leaf)似的小刀(knife)杀死了一只狼(wolf)。c)handkerchief的复数形式有两种。handkerchiefshandkerchieves8)以th结尾的名词后直接加-s.长元音后读[ðz];短元音和辅音后读[θs]mouthspathsmonths9)不规则变化①foot→feettooth-teethgoose-geesechild→childrenmouse→mice②单复数同形。sheepdeerfish(fishes)③表示“某国人”的名词。中日友谊是一致(单复数同形)ChineseJapaneseSwiss英法联盟a改eEnglishmanFrenchman其它一般加-sGermansAmericans④复合名词的复数boyfriendgoldwatchpasser-bysister-in-lawmandoctorwomansingersesssmendoctorswomensingers⑤有些名词的复数形式表示特别的意义。papers(报纸,稿件)works(工厂,作品)times(时代)drinks(饮料)manners(礼貌)⑥部分物质名词可以用复数表示种类。silksfruitsfoods⑦word用做“消息”“通知”不与冠词连用,也不用复数。Wordcamethathewonthefirstprizekeepone’swordhaveaword/afewwordswithsb.havewordswithsb.leavewordinawordinotherwords备注:有些名词只有复数形式。例如。goods(货物)glasses(眼镜)compasses(圆规)thanks(感谢)clothes(衣服)remains(遗物,遗体)trousers(裤子)cattle(牛)police警察守信与某人说话与某人吵嘴留言简而言之换句话说名词的一般用法★名词做定语1.修饰另一名词时,一般用单数*Hehastwopencil-boxes.*Therearethreebananatreesoverthere.2.manwoman用做定语时,应与后面的名词保持数的一致*Weneedamanteacher.*Theyareallwomenworkers.3.sports,clothes做定语时,仍用复数形式*asportsfield*aclothesshopaparentsmeeting4.当数词与单位名词一起做定语时,单位名词往往用单数形式,数词与单位名词用“-”连接。*Heisafourteen-year-oldboy.*Thisisatwo-hourplan.★名词做主语时,应注意名词的数,避免主谓不一致。*Herfamilyisalargeoneandherfamilyareallteachers.她家是一个大家庭,她的家人都是老师。*Thereisapairofglassesonthedesk.桌上有一副眼镜名词所有格表示名词间的所有关系“…的”一.名词所有格的构成方法1.单数名词后加“’s”*Tom’sbook*myfriend’suncle2.以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加“’”即可*Teachers’Day*twoweeks’holiday3.不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加“’s”*Children’sDay*men’sshoes4.用of加名词,构成所属关系的短语,主要用于表示无生命名词的所有关系*apictureoftheclassroom但是有些表示时间、距离、国家、等无生命的东西的名词,可以加“‘s”来构成所有格。today'snewspaper,tenminutes'walk,China'sproblem,表示时间:一周的休假aweek’sholiday明天的天气tomorrow’sweather两年的时间之内intwoyears’time十分钟休息tenminutes’break两小时的耽搁twohours’delay也可以用aten-minutebreak,atwo-hourdelay:我们有十分钟的休息时间。Wehavetenminutes’breakWehaveaten-minutebreak.二.名词所有格的几个注意点1.可用名词所有格表示地点,地点名词习惯上省略*myaunt’s(home)(我姑姑家)*gototheteachers’(office)(去老师办公室)2.有些名词的所有格可用两种形式*thecat’sname/thenameofthecat*China’scapital/thecapitalofChina3.表示两人共同拥有,在最后一个名词后加“’s”*LucyandLily’sroom露西和莉莉的房间(两人共有一间房间)请区别:Lucy’sandLily’srooms露西的房间和莉莉的房间(两人各有一间房间)在表示所有物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时,常用“of+名词‘s”的形式来表示所有关系,且of后面的名词一般都表示人,不能表示物。如:afriendofmyfather's,thatbookofPeter's,twobagsofhissister's。1.Therich_________notalwayshappy.A.areB.isC.haveD.has2.InBritain,_________areallpaintedred.A.letterboxesB.lettersboxesC.letterboxD.lettersbox3.Therearefour_______andtwo_______inthegroup.A.Japanese,GermenB.Japaneses,GermenC.Japanese,GermanD.Japanese,Germans4.ShewasborninWuhan,butBeijinghasbecomehersecond_________.A.homeB.familyC.houseD.country5.Motherbroughtme_________.A.agoodnewsB.apieceofnewsC.manygoodnewsD.twonews课时训练AADAB6.Wecandotheworkbetterwith______moneyand________people.A.less,fewerB.fewer,lessC.little,littleD.few,few7.Beijingisoneofthemostbeautiful______inChina.A.cityB.citiesC.citysD.thecities8.Wouldyoulike_________?A.somemoremeatB.anymoremeatC.manymoremeatD.moremuchmeat课时训练(A)BA9.()Thisismy____dictionary.A.sisterMaryB.sister'sMaryC.sister,Mary'sD.sister'sMary's10.Joanis____.A.Mary'sandJacksisterB.MaryandJack'ssisterC.MaryandJacksisterD.Mary'sandJack'ssister11.()Thefootballunderthebedis____.A.LilyandLucyB.Lily'sandLucy'sC.Lily'sandLucyD.LilyandLucy's12.()It'sabout___walkfrommyhouse.A.tenminuteB.tenminutes'C.tenminute'sD.tenminutes13.()____facetothesouth.A.WindowsoftheroomB.ThewindowsoftheroomC.Theroom'swindowsD.Thewindowsinroom14.()MissSmithisafriendof____.A.Mary'smother'sB.Mary'smotherC.mother'sofMaryD.Marymothers