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直接引语和间接引语十五、直接引语和间接引语一、定义直接引述别人的话，叫直接引语。被引用的部分放在引号里。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语，间接引语不用引号，在多数情况下是以宾语从句的形式出现。二、直接引语和间接引语的变化规则(一)人称的变化：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新用法举例一随主直接引语中的第一人称根据间接引语中的主语作相应的变化Hesaid,“Weloveourcountry.”→Hesaidthattheylovetheircountry.他说他们热爱自己的国家。Shesaidtome,“Ihaveleftmybooksinyourroom.”→Shetoldmeshehadleftherbooksinmyroom.她对我说她把书落在我屋里了。用法举例二随宾直接引语中的第二人称根据间接引语中的主句的宾语作相应的变化Tomaskedme,“Areyouateacher?”→TomaskedmeifIwasateacher.汤姆问我是否是一名老师。Heaskedme,“Doyouhaveacomputer?”→HeaskedmeifIhadacomputer.他问我是否有计算机。用法举例第三人称不更新直接引语中的第三人称在间接引语中不发生变化Billsaid,“Sheismyeldersister.”→Billsaidthatshewashiseldersister.比尔说她是他的姐姐。TheteachertoldMary’sparents,“Maryisagoodgirl.Sheisalwaysreadytohelpothers.”→TheteachertoldMary’sparentsthatMarywasagoodgirlandshewasalwaysreadytohelpothers.老师告诉玛丽的父母说，玛丽是一个好女孩，她总是乐于助人。(二)时态的变化直接引语间接引语例句一般现在时一般过去时Tomsaid,“Iusuallygetupatsix.”→Tomsaid(that)heusuallygotupatsix.汤姆说他通常六点起床。一般过去时过去完成时Miketoldme,“Iwalkedtoschoolyesterday.”→Miketoldmehehadwalkedtoschoolthedaybefore.迈克告诉我他昨天步行去上学的。直接引语间接引语例句现在进行时过去进行时Ninatoldme,“LindaiswatchingTVathome.”→Ninatoldme(that)LindawaswatchingTVathome.尼娜告诉我琳达正在家看电视。一般将来时过去将来时Shesaid,“Iwillseeyouatthesameplacetomorrow.”→Shesaid(that)shewouldseemeatthesameplacethenextday.她说她第二天要在同一个地点见我。直接引语间接引语例句现在完成时过去完成时Bettysaid,“Ihaveworkedinthisfactoryforovertenyears.”→Bettysaid(that)shehadworkedinthatfactoryforovertenyears.贝蒂说她在那家工厂工作有十多年了。过去完成时过去完成时Bobtoldme,“IhadlivedhereforyearsbeforeImovedout.”→Bobtoldmethathehadlivedthereforyearsbeforehemovedout.鲍勃告诉我他在那儿住了多年才搬走。(三)指示代词、时间和地点等变化直接引语间接引语指示代词thisthesethatthose时间状语nowtodaytonightthisweekyesterdaylastweekthreedaysagotomorrownextweekthenthatdaythatnightthatweekthedaybeforetheweekbeforethreedaysbeforethenextdaythenextweek直接引语间接引语地点状语herethere方向性动词bringcometakego三、直接引语与间接引语的转换用法例句(1)如果直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，引导词用that，但在口语中通常省略，时态、人称和状语都应作相应的变化“I’mateacher.”shesaid.→Shesaidthatshewasateacher.她说她是一名教师。Billsaidtome,“IlikeEnglishverymuch.”→BilltoldmethathelikedEnglishverymuch.比尔告诉我说他非常喜欢英语。Bettysaid,“Iamgoingtobuyabiketomorrow.”→Bettysaid(that)shewasgoingtobuyabikethenextday.贝蒂说她第二天要买一辆自行车。用法例句(2)如果是一般疑问句，要用连词whether或if引导，后面用陈述语序，时态、人称和状语都应作相应的变化“Areyouastudent？”Annasked.→Annaskedmewhether(if)Iwasastudent.安问我是否是一名学生。Theteacheraskedme,“Canyouswim?”→Theteacheraskedmewhether(if)Icouldswim.老师问我是否会游泳。用法例句(3)如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，要用相应的疑问词who,whom,whose,how,when等引导，助动词do,does或did要舍弃，并把疑问语序改为陈述语序“Whatareyoudoing?”myfatherasked.→MyfatheraskedwhatIwasdoing.爸爸问我在做什么。“Whendidyoucomehere?”heasked.→HeaskedmewhenIwentthere.他问我什么时候去那儿。用法例句(4)如果直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时多用“名词（代词）+不定式”结构，否定句在to前面加not;引述动词常用ask“请求”，tell“告诉”，order“命令”等“Pleasesitdown.”Jimsaidtome.→Jimaskedmetositdown.吉姆请我坐下。“Don’tmakeanynoise.”theteachertoldus.→Theteachertoldusnottomakeanynoise.老师告诉我们别出声。按要求改写句子1.(2012·安顺中考)“Jack,canyouhelpwiththedinner?”Jack’smotherasked.（改成间接引语）Jackwasasked______he______helpwiththedinner.答案：if;could2.(2012·孝感中考)A:Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Don’ttakemobilephonestoschool.”（改为同义句）B:Theteachertoldthestudents____________takemobilephonestoschool.3.(2011·济南中考)Myfriendaskedme“Canyoumakefruitsalad?”(改写句子，句意不变)Myfriendaskedme______I______makefruitsalad.答案：2.notto3.if;could4.(2011·上海中考)ArethereanynewmarketsinAsia?Thesalesmanagerwantstoknow.(合并为一句)Thesalesmanagerwantstoknow______there______anynewmarketsinAsia.5.(2011·乐山中考)“Willyoupleaseopenthewindow?”shesaidtohim.(将直接引语改为间接引语)She______him______openthewindow.答案：4.if;are5.asked;to