IndustrialEcologyinActionIndustrialEcologyinActionIndustrialEcologyinActionIndustrialEcologyinActionsession2session2session2session2产业生态学的发展产业生态学的发展产业生态学的发展产业生态学的发展JJMiMiTiTiCllfESidENKiUiitCllfESidENKiUiitJJuuMeiMeiTingTing,CollegeofEnv.Sci.andEng.,NanKaiUniversity,CollegeofEnv.Sci.andEng.,NanKaiUniversityPreamble(1)Preamble(1)TheThetraditionaltraditionalmeansmeansofofcombatingcombatingpollutionpollutionhashasbeenbeenbybymeansmeansofofendend--ofof--pipepipeppyyppppsystems,systems,ii..ee..treatmenttreatmentofofwasteswastesandandpollutingpollutingstreamsstreamsItItmaymayinvolveinvolvetreatingtreatingpollutingpollutingstreamsstreams..ItItmaymayinvolveinvolvetreatingtreatingwater,water,air,air,noisenoiseandandsolidsolidwasteswastes..ThisThisendend--ofof--pipepipeapproach,approach,whilewhilestillstillessentialessentialforformanymanyindustriesindustriesandandforformanymanytechnologies,technologies,yyyyg,g,shouldshouldonlyonlybebeusedusedasasaalastlastresortresortandandCleanerCleanerProductionProductionopportunitiesopportunitiesshouldshouldbebeCleanerCleanerProductionProductionopportunitiesopportunitiesshouldshouldbebeinvestigatedinvestigatedfirstfirst..JJuuMeiMeiTingTing,,CollegeofEnv.Sci.andEng.,NanKaiUniversityCollegeofEnv.Sci.andEng.,NanKaiUniversity22/70/70Preamble(2)Preamble(2)TheThedefinitiondefinitionofofCleanerCleanerProductionProductionthatthathashasbeenbeenadoptedadoptedbybyUNEPUNEPisisthethefollowingfollowing::ppyyggCleanerCleanerProductionProductionisisthethecontinuouscontinuousapplicationapplicationofofananintegratedintegratedpreventivepreventiveapplicationapplicationofofananintegratedintegratedpreventivepreventiveenvironmentalenvironmentalstrategystrategytotoprocesses,processes,products,products,andandservicesservicestotoincreaseincreaseoveralloverallefficiency,efficiency,andandandandservicesservicestotoincreaseincreaseoveralloverallefficiency,efficiency,andandreducereducerisksriskstotohumanshumansandandthetheenvironmentenvironment..CleanerCleanerProductionProductioncancanbebeappliedappliedtotothetheCleanerCleanerProductionProductioncancanbebeappliedappliedtotothetheprocessesprocessesusedusedininanyanyindustry,industry,totoproductsproductsthemselvesthemselvesandandtotovariousvariousservicesservicesprovidedprovidedininthemselvesthemselvesandandtotovariousvariousservicesservicesprovidedprovidedininsocietysociety..JJuuMeiMeiTingTing,,CollegeofEnv.Sci.andEng.,NanKaiUniversityCollegeofEnv.Sci.andEng.,NanKaiUniversity33/70/70Preamble(3)Preamble(3)IndustrialIndustrialecologyecologyisisthetheshiftingshiftingofofindustrialindustrialprocessprocessfromfromlinearlinear(open(openloop)loop)industrialindustrialprocessprocessfromfromlinearlinear(open(openloop)loop)systems,systems,ininwhichwhichresourceresourceandandcapitalcapitalinvestmentsinvestmentsmovemovethroughthroughthethesystemsystemtotoinvestmentsinvestmentsmovemovethroughthroughthethesystemsystemtotobecomebecomewaste,waste,totoaaclosedclosedlooploopsystemsystemwherewherettbbititffwasteswastesbecomebecomeinputsinputsforfornewnewprocessesprocesses..JJuuMeiMeiTingTing,,CollegeofEnv.Sci.andEng.,NanKaiUniversityCollegeofEnv.Sci.andEng.,NanKaiUniversity44/70/70一产业生态学的产生背景一产业生态学的产生背景、产业生态学的产生背景、产业生态学的产生背景NoNofirmfirmexistsexistsininaavacuum,vacuum,everyeveryindustrialindustrialactivityactivityisislinkedlinkedtotothousandsthousandsofofotherothertransactionstransactionsandandactivitiesactivitiesandandtototheirtheirenvironmentalenvironmentalimpactsimpacts..ModernModernsocietysocietyhashaslargelylargelyusedusedmaterialsmaterialsininaalinearlinearwayway::digdiglargelylargelyusedusedmaterialsmaterialsininaalinearlinearwayway::digdigthemthemup,up,processprocessthem,them,useusethem,them,andanddiscarddiscardthemthemthemthem..JJuuMeiMeiTingTing,,CollegeofEnv.Sci.andEng.,NanKaiUniversityCollegeofEnv.Sci.andEng.,NanKaiUniversity55/70/70一、产业生态学的产生背景一、产业生态学的产生背景传统资源线性利用的工业发展模式及对资源的不合传统资源线性利用的工业发展模式及对资源的不合理利用和对环境的严重污染而受到越来越多的质疑理利用和对环境的严重污染而受到越来越多的质疑、产业生态学的产生背景、产业生态学的产生背景理利用和对环境的严重污染,而受到越来越多的质疑。理利用和对环境的严重污染,而受到越来越多的质疑。作为一个自然生态系统,地球的自净能力是有限的,当作为一个自然生态系统,地球的自净能力是有限的,当人类对资源的需求和排放到环境中的废物达到一定程度人类对资源的需求和排放到环境中的废物达到一定程度人类对资源的需求和排放到环境中的废物达到一定程度人类对资源的需求和排放到环境中的废物达到一定程度时,资源和环境的矛盾就会激化。在反思这一现象的时时,资源和环境的矛盾就会激化。在反思这一现象的时候,人们注意到,尽管自然界中每个生物种群的生长过候,人们注意到,尽管自然界中每个生物种群的生长过候,人们注意到,尽管自然界中每个生物种群的生长过候,人们注意到,尽管自然界中每个生物种群的生长过程都有废物产生,但在各生物种群之间这些废物却是能程都有废物产生,但在各生物种群之间这些废物却是能循环利用的,因而使自然界中的资源和物种得到了协调循环利用的,因而使自然界中的资源和物种得到了协调循环利用的,因而使自然界中的资源和物种得到了协调循环利用的,因而使自然界中的资源和物种得到了协调的可持续发展,太阳能成为唯一的消耗。于是人们意识的可持续发展,太阳能成为唯一的消耗。于是人们意识到,应该按照自然界的生态模式来规划产业发展,这样到,应该按照自然界的生态模式来规划产业发展,这样才能从根本上解决资源和环境的矛盾。产业生态学就是才能从根本上解决资源和环境的矛盾。产业生态学就是在这种形式和认识下逐渐产生和发展起来的。在这种形式和认识下逐渐产生和发展起来的。JJuuMeiMeiTingTing,,CollegeofEnv.Sci.andEng.,NanKaiUniversityCollegeofEnv.Sci.andEng.,NanKaiUniversity66/70/70在处理资源和环境问题上,控制环境污染的方法经在处理资源和环境问题上,控制环境污染的方法经历了漫长的历史演变如下图所示历了漫长的历史演变如下图所示历了漫长的历史演变,如下图所示。历了漫长的历史演变,如下图所示。产业生态产业生态率率清洁生产清洁生产资源利用资源利用末端治理末端治理清洁生产清洁生产自由排放自由排放图图11--11污染控制方法的发展演变污染控制方法的发展演变1818世纪世纪2020世纪世纪6060年代年代2020世纪世纪7070年代年代2020世纪世纪9090年代年代JJuuMeiMeiTi