中国文化与领导风格

课程考核论文题目试分析中国文化对领导方式的影响要求•字数不少于3000，不多于5000。双面打印。•正文中和最后的文献列表请参照APA格式–（）•提交日期不晚于2014-12-25中午12点文化比较中的中国文化特征“我们….”Vs.“他们…”为什么要进行文化比较?AlexisdeTocqueville:“Withoutcomparisons,theminddoesn’tknowhowtoproceed.”“不识庐山真面目,只缘身在此山中”文化如何影响和塑造我们的行为?•价值系统•思维系统•意义系统价值系统：个人主义vs.集体主义•个人主义–Self-centered,focusonpersonalgoals,unique•集体主义–Group-centered,focusoncollectivegoals,conformity你如何解释蓝色鱼的意愿呢?（Morris&Peng,1994)笔的选择思维的系统:辩证思维vs.分析式思维•辩证思维:–Change,connection,holistic,contradiction–塞翁失马焉知非福•分析式思维:–Linear,non-contradiction中间这个朋友有多高兴?相对判断绝对判断那个图可与牛配对?A还是B？AB你怎么预测趋势?(Jietal.,2001)意义系统：红上绿下？环境线索2021Stuy1a:PredictiononEconomySituation•Participants:–157HongKongstudents–127MainlandChinesestudents•Materialsandprocedure–briefdescriptionabouttheeconomysituationof2011waspresentedintwoconditions(redvs.green)–Theparticipantswereaskedtomakepredictionshowlikelytheeconomygrowthrateof2012wouldbe:–betterthan2011()%–worsethan2011()%–assameas2011()%22Results•Forpredictiononthegrowth:–Interactioneffectsignificant,F(1,280)=10.79,p.05:–MainlandChinese(57.94%,red;48.73%,green)–HongKongpeople(50.23%,green;41.24%,red)2330.00%35.00%40.00%45.00%50.00%55.00%60.00%HongKongpeopleMainlandChineseredStudy1b:PredictiononConsumptionTrend•Participants–ThesameasStudy1a24Results25 Study2IAT•Participants–74MainlandChinesestudents(38females)–64HongKongStudents(44females)•IATmaterials262728ResultsMainlandChinese:compatiblevs.incompatible:t70=2.50,p.05HongKongpeople:compatiblevs.incompatible:t63=-2.09,p.05 29Study3:PredictionontheOutcomesofSocialLife•Meier&Robinson（2004）：–upanddownwereassociatedwithgoodandbad,respectively.30•Participants–148MainlandChinesestudents–188HongKongStudents•Materials:–LiJietookanexaminationwithafiercecompetition.Pleasepredicttheprobabilitythat:(i)Hewillpasstheexamination()%,and(ii)Hewillfailintheexamination()%.–ZhangHaiwasaffectedbyakindofrarediseaseandthesituationwasveryserious.Pleasepredicttheprobabilitythat:(i)Hewillbecured()%,and(ii)Hewilldie()%.–LiLiandChenGanghavebeendatingeachotherforoneyear.Theyhadaseriousquarrellastweek.Pleasepredicttheprobabilitythat:(i)Theywillmarry()%,and(ii)Theywillbreakup()%.31Results32•权威(authoritarianism)•孝道(filialpiety)不同视角的领导理论•领导特质理论–胜任力–才智、首创精神、督察能力、自信心、决断力、成熟度•领导权变理论–情境型领导•成员关系、任务机构、和职位权力•任务取向的领导在领导者-成员关系较好、任务结构比较高和职位权力比较强的情境会取得比较好的工作绩效；关系取向的领导则会在中等条件下取得较好的工作绩效。–领导者-成员交换理论–领导者往往与下属中少部分人建立特殊关系，这些个体就成为内群体成员，受到重视，信任得到更多关照，而其他人则成为圈外人士。•魅力型领导–愿景–鼓励•工具型领导–结构化–控制–一致性回报•家长式领导–台湾学者郑伯埙–表现在人格中的包含强烈的纪律性和权威、包含父亲般的仁慈和德行的领导方式。–威权、仁慈和德行