R373.2A1008-8199201503-0225-04210002、。、、、、、。22、4、5、121。2“”142。200120081222013“333”。145SCI216024。NorovirusNoV90%1。NoV。NoV。1NorovirusNoV1.11972。。2002NoVNoV2。1.2NoV27~40nm18090。NoV3。1.3NoV、pH2.73h、4℃20%18~24h60℃30min。NoV3.75~6.25ppmCl-Cl-10ppm30min4-5。1.4NoVRNA7.5kb。3openreadingframeORFs5'3'ORF1、ORF2ORF3。ORF2ORF3VP1VP2VP1ORF16p48、NTP、p22、VPg、Pro、Pol。NoVVP1GⅠ、GⅡ、GⅢ、GⅣ、GⅤ、GⅥGⅠ、GⅡGⅣNoV6。GⅠGⅡ922。22.1NoV。、、7-13。1993-2011NoV90014。NoV14。NoV·522·20153283JMedPostgraVol.28No.3March2015DOI:10.16571/j.cnki.1008-8199.2015.03.001、、、、、NoV15-21。。2006-2013NoV56497989NoV22。NoV23-24。2.2NoVNoV、。225。NoV100。1~3d105~1011。2.3NoV、。25。NoV、、、、、、25。1996-2000348NoV、39%、12%3%NoV26。2.4NoV、、25。2006NoVB27。NoV590>6NoV110021.828。2009-20122522.61%52/230224。20116201355NoV10.9%29。2006-20135NoV200711.2%201120.3%22NoV。2.5NoVGII.4。NoV1~3“”NoV30-32。NoVGII.495/96US14。FarmingtonHills_2002Hunter_2004Yerseke_2006aDenHaag_2006bNewOrleans_2009Sydney_20127。NoV。62004-2012DenHaag_2006b20052008214。NoVHunter_2004DenHaag_2006bNewOrleans_2009。2010-2013Sydney_201233。NoVGII.12/GII.3。NoV。3NoV。24~48h12h72h。、、、34。NoV、<102932。、、、、NoV25。800NoV90%6535。NoV。4NoV4.1>106mL26。。·622·20153283JMedPostgraVol.28No.3March20154.2、-。。-NoV。90.91%~96.37%43.81%~97.14%36。4.3RT-PCR、NoVNoVPCR、。RT-PCRNoVRT-PCRRT-PCRRT-PCR。RT-PCRNoV、37。RT-PCRRT-PCR。RNANoVRT-PCRRNA38。5NoV5.1NoV①NoV22NoV。②22NoV。③NoV、22。5.2①。②。③22。5.3①、。、、、。②NoV、NoV。、、。③NoV、、、。6NoV。NoV、NoV。NoVNoV。NoV、、。【】1GlassRIParasharUDEstesMK.NorovirusgastroenteritisJ.NEnglJMed2009361181776-1785.2MayoMA.AsummaryofraxonomicchangesrecentlyapprovedbyICTVJ.ArchVirol200214781655-1656.3HardyME.NorovirusproteinstructureandfunctionJ.FEMSMicrobiolLett200525311-8.4DuizerEBijkerkPRoekxBetal.InactivationofcalicivirusesJ.ApplEnvironMicrobiol20047084538-4543.5DolinR.Noruviruses-challengestocontrolJ.NEnglJMed2007357111072-1073.6KarstSMZhuSGoodfellowIG.ThemolecularpathologyofnorovirusesJ.JPathol20152352206-216.7ZhouXLiHSunLetal.EpidemiologicalandmolecularanalysisofawaterborneoutbreakofnorovirusGII.4J.EpidemiolInfect2012140122282-2289.8LarssonCAnderssonYAllestamGetal.EpidemiologyandestimatedcostsofalargewaterborneoutbreakofnorovirusinfectioninSwedenJ.EpidemiolInfect20141423592-600.9VegaEBarclayLGregoricusNetal.GenotypicandepidemiologictrendsofnorovirusoutbreaksintheUnitedStatesJ.JClinMicrobiol2014521147-155.10FiorettiJMBelloGRochaMSetal.TemporaldynamicsofnorovirusGII.4variantsinBrazilbetween2004and2012J.PLoSOne2014·722·20153283JMedPostgraVol.28No.3March201593e92988.11LopmanBAAdakGKReacherMHetal.TwoepidemiologicpatternsofnorovirusoutbreakssurveillanceinEnglandandwales1992-2000J.EmergInfectDis20039171-77.12MansJMurrayTYTaylorMB.NovelnorovirusrecombinantsdetectedinSouthAfricaJ.VirolJ201411168.13LimKLEdenJSOonLLetal.MolecularepidemiologyofnorovirusinSingapore2004-2011J.JMedVirol201385101842-1851.14MatthewsJEDickeyBWMillerRDetal.TheepidemiologyofpublishednorovirusoutbreaksareviewofriskfactorsassociatedwithattackrateandgenogroupJ.EpidemiolInfect201214071161-1172.15.J.2014416991-993.16.2006-2007J.20083456-913.17.J.201424192887-2888.18.J.2014301103-104.19.J.201410301121-1123.20.J.2007287667-670.21.J.2014313250-252.22.J.2014297516-521.23.654J.2014244556-558.24.J.201424142011-2013.25SinghSK.ViralinfectionsandglobalchangeM.JohnWiley&SonsInc2014517-553.26ThorntonACJennings-ConklinKSMcCormickMI.NorovirusesagentsinoutbreaksofacutegastroenteritisJ.DisasterManagResponse2004214-9.27TsengFCLeonJSMacCormackJNetal.MolecularepidemiologyofnorovirusgastroenteritisoutbreaksinNorthCarolinaUnitedStates1995-2000J.JMedVirol200779184-91.28PatelMMWiddowsonMAGlassRIetal.SystematicliteraturereviewofroleofnorovirusesinsporadicgastroenteritisJ.EmergInfectDis20081481224-1231.29.5J.2014184336-339.30LindesmithLCDonaldsonEFLobueADetal.MechanismsofGII.4noroviruspersistenceinhumanpopulationsJ.PLoSMed200852e31.31MartellaVMediciMCDeGraziaSetal.EvidenceforrecombinationbetweenpandemicGII.4norovirusstrainsNewOrleans2009andSydney2012J.JClinMicrobiol201351113855-3857.32DonaldsonEFLindesmithLCLobueADetal.NoroviruspathogenesismechanismsofpersistenceandimmuneevasioninhumanpopulationsJ.ImmunolRev2008225190-211.33LuQBHuangDDZhaoJetal.AnincreasingprevalenceofrecombinantGIInorovirusinpediatricpatientswithdiarrheaduring2010-2013inChinaJ.InfectGenetEvol201531C48-52.34DivisionofViralDiseasesNationalCenterforImmunizationandRespiratoryDiseasesCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.Updatednoro-virusoutbreakmanagementanddiseasepreventionguidelinesJ.MMWRRecommRep201160RR-31-18.35HallAJCurnsATMcDonaldLCetal.TheRolesofClostridiumdifficileandNorovirusAmongGastroenteritis-AssociatedDeathsintheUnitedStates1999-2007J.ClinicalInfectiousDiseases2012552216-223.36.J.2010202453-455.37RohayemJBergerSJuretzekTetal.Asimpleandrapidsingle-stepmultiplexRT-PCRtodetectNorovirusAstrovirusandAdenovirusinclinicalstoolsamplesJ.JVirolMethods2004118149-59.38.RT-LAMP-J.20144152790-2799.2015-02-25·822·20153283JMedPostgraVol.28No.3March2015