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2008高考英语知识串讲-1-作者：胡晓凌2008高考英语知识串讲第1讲一、LanguagePoints1.sharev.分享、合用：sharesthwithsbn.一份，股份sparea.业余的，备用的：sparetime,asparetirev.抽出，匀给：sparemefiveminutes/spareoneofsandwichesfortheboysparenoefforts：不遗余力sparenoexpense：不惜工本savev.节省，救出2.Hefeltluckytohavesurvivedthewar.3.withsbabout/oversth：和某人就某事争论arguefor/againststh：赞成/反对…Sbinto/outof(doing)sth：说服某人做/不做某事4.have/make/let/see/watch/listento+宾+宾补(do/doing/done)getsbtodosthhave+宾+宾补(todo/tobedone)5.So+同一主语+助动词So/neither/nor+助动词+另一主语Soitis/waswith+另一主语6.should/oughtto/need/could/might/would+do/havedone7.except/but/exceptfor/exceptthat/exceptwh-clausebesides/inadditionapartfrombutfor=without8.Thefirsttime+从句Forthefirsttime：作时间状语It’sthefirsttime+that-clause(完成时)thefirst+名词+todo9.mostmostofthe+n.(pl)/pron.themajorityof(the)mostly:主要地（状）10.beequaltosth：与…相等beequalto(doing)sth：胜任(做)某事equalsth：与…相等equalsbinsth：在…方面与某人匹敌11.compare…to/with…comparedto/with…12.agreatmanyseveral/twodozen/hundred+n.(pl.)(many)dozensofagreatmanyof+the/these/those+n.(pl.)seveal/twodozenof+pron.13.muchtoo+adj/adv(原级)toomuch+n.(u.)toomany+n.(pl.)14.没有被动态comeabout(主要用于疑问句、否定句)happen(表示偶然、碰巧之意)sth+takeplace(多表示有组织、有计划)breakout(指战争、灾害、疾病等的爆发)occur(与happen通用)Itoccurstosbthat/todo…：某人突然想起…15.n./pron./adj./adv./prep-phrasetodo：表将来With+宾+宾补doing：表正在进行Done：表过去16.强调句型的判断方法：如果将句子中的“itbe”和“that”去掉，原句通顺则是强调句，否则就不是强调句。例：ItwasinthestreetthatImetanoldfriendyesterday.二、语法专题──名词的考点1.考查可数名词和不可数名词，尤其是许多不可数名词在一定情况下变为可数名词。2.考查名词的格，即’s所有格，of所有格或双重所有格。3.名词作定语。4.名词及名词短语的辨析。5.名词与介词，冠词，动词的搭配。三、题型归纳──辨析型单项填空1.名词的辨析名词的辨析首先要注意名词单复数的意义区别，如parent指父亲或母亲，而parents指父母双亲；people指人们，而apeople指民族。其次注意可数与不可数时的意义区别，如:exercise指锻炼；而exercises指练习题或练习操；再次，注意同义名词或近义名词的区别，如::event指发生的重大事件、体育项目；incident指偶发事件；而accident指意外事件。最后还要注意近形词的区别，如:cloth指布；cloths指各种不同用途的布；clothes指衣服(复数)，clothing衣服(总称)。2.动词的辨析对于动词的辨析，首先要了解动词的及物与不及物，如:reply意为“回答，答复”后面接名词时需接介词to,此时为不及物动词；后接从句时，则为及物动词。其次是要弄清动词的词义区别，如:advise与persuade,前者指劝说、劝告，强调过程；而后者指说服，强调结果。最后还要区别各种非谓语动词间的意义和用法：动词的v-ing形式表示正在进行或伴随的动作；v-ed形式表示完成或被动；todo形式表示即将进行的动作等。3.形容词、副词的辨析对于形容词、副词，一是要注意近义词间的区别，如:clever指对问题处理的圆滑；bright指对问题的反应快；wise指选择的正确等。此外，如wide与broad;strong与powerful;interesting与interested;exciting与excited等。二是注意同形的形容词和副词，如:close作形容词时意为“亲密的”；作副词时意为“接近，靠拢”。三是注意同根副词的区别，如:hard与hardly,前者指猛烈地、努力地；而后者意为几乎不。四是注意副词形式的形容词，如:friendly,lovely,lively实际上是形容词，切不可当作副词使用。五是注意形容词的位置区别，如:present+n.与n.+present，前者指当前的；而后者指在场的。4.介词的辨析对介词的辨析要从两方面入手，一是介词的词义，如:across,through,past,over为动作介词，across强调从表面横过，越过；through强调从空间穿过；past强调从侧面、旁边经过；over强调从空中越过而不接触，也可以表示越过一段距离、空间等。此外，如above,over,on;with,by;of,to;to,for的区别。5.连词的辨析连词的区别主要在于：一是连词的意义，如：when,while与as;because,since与for;whether与if;though,as与although等。二是注意时间名词短语转化而成的连词，如：every/eachtime;thefirst/second…time;themoment;theminute等，它们都可作连词，连接从句。三是注意副词转化而成的连词，如:directly,immediately,instantly等。四是注意连词的词序，如:onlyif与ifonly,前者意为“只要”，后者意为“要是…就好了”。6.代词的辨析代词的辨析包括不定代词，如:other,others,theother,theothers,another等；人称代词，如:one,it,that等和关系代词，如:which与that;which与as;whose与prep.+which/whom等。1.Doestheteacher____youtogohomethisweekend?A.allowB.consentC.agreeD.approve2.Afterthebigfire,thehousewascompletely____.A.ruinedB.destroyedC.damagedD.spoiled3.Thehuntersaidhewasluckytogetoutoftheforest____.A.livingB.aliveC.livelyD.live4.____talkingwithhisGrandma,hewentawaywithoutsayingaword.A.TiringwithB.TiringofC.TiredwithD.Tiredof2008高考英语知识串讲-2-作者：胡晓凌5.It’snecessarytohavesome____knowledgeforthisjob.A.electricB.electricalC.elctronD.electricity6.Thephoto____onthewallwastakeninBeijinglastyear.A.hangB.hangingC.hungD.hanged7.OnNewYear’sDay,people,especiallygirls,alwayswearnew____-newhats,newcoats,newtrousersandnewshoes.A.clothesB.clothingC.clothD.cloths8.Hestaysup____intheeveningstogoonlinetogetthe____information.A.late,latestB.lately,lastC.late,lastD.latest,latest9.____isittoaskheraboutheraboutthat?Shedoesn’tknowiteither.A.WhatgoodB.HowgoodC.WhatagoodD.Howmuchgood10.____IhaddoneitIknewIhadmadeamistake.A.HardlyB.DirectlyC.mostlyD.Nearly11.ItissaidyouwenttoseeJennyyesterday.Whathasbecome___her?A.fromB.ofC.intoD./12.Whodoyouthinkwillbeallowed____theretomorrow?A.visitB.tovisitC.visitingD.visited13.TodaywecaneitherflytoHainanIslandortakeaship___thesea.A.inB.acrossC.frominD.acrossfrom14.Youwilfindwhatgreatbenefitthecomputeryouowncanbe____eachtimeyouuseittohelpyouwork.A.forB.ofC.atD.on15.Ithoughthewasnot____ofaprofessorthefirsttimeIheardhimspeakingtothechildrenattheplatforminthehallofourschool.A.somethingB.anythingC.somebodyD.anybody16.We’vemissedthelastbus.I’mafraidwehaveno____buttotakeataxi.A.wayB.choiceC.possibilityD.selection17.____studentshavegraduatedfromthisschoolinthelasttwentyyears.A.TensofthousandsofB.TensuponthousandsofC.TensinthousandsD.Tenthousandsof18.Thefarmersplantoproducethreetimes____intheyearbeforelasttomeettheincreasingneedofthepeople.A.ofcropasmuchthisyearasB.asmuchcropthisyearasC.asmorecropthisyearasD.muchcropthisyearthan19.Ithinkthehouseis____largeforafamilyoffourpeopleandthepriceisveryreasonable.A.tooB.ratherC.fairlyD.alittle20.Hismotherdislikeshim,forhe____lies.A.tellsB.isalwaystellingC.hastoldD.alwaystold1-5ABBDB6