奥巴马演讲-人际功能

TheRealizationoftheInterpersonalFunctionInObama’sVictorySpeechin2012外国语言学及应用语言学姜作超-1-ContentsIntroduction---------------------------------------------------------2Ⅰ.LiteratureReview---------------------------------------------21.1Halliday’sThreeMeta-functions------------------------------------------------31.2PreviousStudiesonPoliticalSpeeches-----------------------------------------3Ⅱ.TheoreticalFrameworkandMethodology---------------42.1TheoreticalFramework-----------------------------------------------------------42.1.1Mood------------------------------------------------------------------------------42.1.2Modality--------------------------------------------------------------------------52.1.3PersonalPronouns---------------------------------------------------------------62.2Methodology-----------------------------------------------------------------------6Ⅲ.TheAnalysisonObama’sVictorySpeechin2012------73.1AnalysisonObama’sVictorySpeechinTermsofMood---------------------73.2AnalysisonObama’sVictorySpeechinTermsofModality-----------------93.3AnalysisonObama’sVictorySpeechinTermsofPersonalPronouns-----10Conclusion-----------------------------------------------------------12References-----------------------------------------------------------13-2-IntroductionSpeechisapracticalactivityinwhichthespeakergivesinformation,expressesemotions,andestablishessocialrelationsandsonon.Nowadays,peoplearemoresensitivetopublicspeeches,especiallypoliticalspeechesthanever.Politicalspeechesarenotonlypresentationsofspeakingskillsofcertainpoliticians,butalsomanifestationsofthereinforcementofpoliciesandpoliticalattitudesuponthehearers.Thespeaker,inhisspeech,expresseshispoliticalviewsexplicitlyorimplicitly.Poweristhemostimportantfeatureofpoliticalspeech.Thespeakeremploysvariousskillstopresenthimselfastheauthorityandenforcepoweronhisaddressees.Thus,theanalysisofpoliticalspeechesplaysanimportantroleinourunderstandingofsuchspeeches.AsthefirstAfrican-AmericanpresidentinAmericanhistory,BarackObamadrewtheworld’sgreatattention,thusthispapertakesObama’svictoryspeechin2012asanexample.AccordingtoHalliday’sSystemicFunctionalGrammar,languagehasthreemeta-functions:ideationalfunction,interpersonalfunction,andtextualfunction.Theinterpersonalfunctionestablishesandmaintainssocialrelations.Itreflectstheinterpersonalrelationshipamongpeople.Throughthisfunction,speakerscaninteractwithotherpeople.Therefore,Halliday’sSystemicFunctionalGrammarisveryhelpfulinanalyzingtheinteractiveandpersuasivefunctionofpoliticalspeeches.Thispaperfallsintothreeparts.Thefirstpartisliteraturereview,whichincludesageneralviewofthethreemeta-functionsofHalliday’sSystemicFunctionalGrammarandpreviousstudiesonpoliticalspeeches.Thesecondpartisthetheoreticalframeworkandmethodologyofthisstudy.Thispartdiscussestheinterpersonalfunctionfromthreeaspects:mood,modalityandpersonalpronouns.ThethirdpartistheanalysisofObama’svictoryspeechin2012intermsofmood,modalityandpersonalpronounsandsomepossiblefindingsandimplications.Ⅰ.LiteratureReviewThischapterconsistsoftwoparts.ThefirstpartisabriefintroductiontoHallidy’sthreemeta-functionsandthesecondpartisthereviewofpreviousstudiesonpoliticalspeeches.-3-1.1Halliday’sThreeMeta-functionsLinguistshavelongbeenstudyingtheinterpersonalfunctionoflanguage.PragueSchoolfirstputforwardthatthestudyoflanguageshouldstartfromthefunctionoflanguage.InfluencedbyPragueSchool,Hallidayviewedlanguageasasystemandproposedtostudylanguageintermsofitsfunctions.Heproposedthreemeta-functionsoflanguage:ideationalfunction,interpersonalfunctionandtextualfunction.Theideationalfunctionistoconveynewinformation,tocommunicateacontentthatisunknowntothehearer.Theideationalfunctionisameaningpotentialwhichmainlyconsistsoftransitivityandvoice.Theinterpersonalfunctionembodiesallusesoflanguagetoexpresssocialandpersonalrelations.Sincelanguageisatoolofcommunication,weuseittoestablishandmaintainrelationshipswithothers,byselectingvariouscommunicationrolesofinforming,questioning,ordering,andpersuasion,etc.AccordingtoHalliday’sAnIntroductiontoFunctionalGrammar,theinterpersonalfunctioninvolveshowtodemonstratethedynamicmeaningoflanguagetoshowtherelationshipbetweenthespeakerandthehearerandhowtouselanguagetoexpressone’sopinionandinfluenceothers’mindsandbehaviors.Theinterpersonalfunctionismainlyrealizedbymoodandmodality.Thetextualfunctionreferstothefactthatlanguagehasmechanismstomakeanystretchofspokenorwrittendiscourseintoacoherentandunifiedtextandmakealivingpassagedifferentfromarandomlistofsentences.Thetextualfunctionfulfillstherequirementthatlanguageshouldbeoperationallyrelevant,havingtextureinarealcontextofsituationthatdistinguishesalivingpassagefromamereentryingrammaroradictionary.Itprovidestheremainingstrandsofmeaningpotentialtobewovenintothefabricoflinguisticstructure.(Hu,2006).1.2PreviousStudiesonPoliticalSpeechesPoliticalspeecheshavebeenstudiedbypoliticalscientists,socialpsychologists,rhetoriciansandlinguistswithvariousapproaches.Forpoliticalpurposes,rhetorichasbeenthesubjectofstudyforabouttwothousan