【TPO小站】托福听力的6种题型精解

BBS.TPOOO.COM托福听力的6种题型精解21：GISTQUESTION主旨目的题什么是主旨目的题？主旨题分为内容主旨和目的主旨托福听力题型主旨题功能题结构题细节题推理题态度题3如何识别主旨目的题？Whatarethestudentsmainlydiscussing?Whatisthemaintopicofthetalk?Whatisthelecturemainlyabout?Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?Whatisthemainpurposeofthelecture?Whatistheprofessormainlydiscussing?文章的主旨解决之道：（1）听准开头；（2）把握对话目的；（3）对于演讲，敏感开头句型；（4）捕捉全文重复（主题决定细节，细节反映主题）；（5）训练关键词的敏感（大多是名词和动词）——适应于长对话文章的主旨展开方式（1）直接展开：todaywearegoingtotalkabout…I’dliketobeginmylecturebyintroducing…let’sfocuson…let’snowtakealookat…（2）问答式展开：4howarecompaniestypicallystructured?Doyourememberwhattheyare?Howcanyouunderstandit?Whydoeshumanbeingconsideritimportant?（3）全文关键词总结选项特征正确选项标志词：history,development,background,information,growth,origin,features,characteristics,invention,creation,innovation,evolution,era,trend,comparison,classification等干扰选项特征：Toogeneral:anideathatisbeyondthefocusoftheconversationorlecturetoospecific:asupportingdetailinsteadofamainideainaccurate:nottrue,oronlypartiallytrue,accordingtothespeakersirrelevant:aboutsomethingthatthespeakersdon’tmention2：DETAILQUESTION细节题什么是细节题？requirethelistenertounderstandandrememberexplicit5detailsorfactsthatareimportantasanexplanationoranexampleofthemainidea.Thesedetailsaretypicallyrelated,directlyorindirectly,tothegistofthetext,byprovidingelaboration,examplesorothersupport.如何识别细节题？Whatproblemdoesthemanhave?ETSAccordingtotheconversation,whataretwowaysinwhichbacteriacellsgetresistancegenes?WhydoestheprofessortalkaboutPlato’sdescriptionofsociety?细节题的考查点（1）时间细节年份、月份、星期、四季的说法注意细节对应的事件（2）地点细节国家名称（缩写、中文）美国地名（3）名词细节文章中出现的一个名词前后的特点记住名词出现时候的发音（4）方位细节6注意方位词的说法注意方向词的说法（5）数字细节注意逗号原则的应用注意分数，小数，百分数的说法注意数字修饰的名词（6）颜色形状细节常见的颜色词汇常见的形状词汇（7）态度细节注意点评一个事物所用的形容词注意正负态度评价（8）人名细节积累常见名人人名的发音注意人名的前后一致性（9）双选细节注意并列的原因、建议、结果、陈述、特点注意序数词和表示顺序的短语（10）图片细节常见的会出现图片学科：生物学，植物学，地理学，地质学，气象学7抓住图片中的要素：大小，形状，颜色，方向，方位，特点笔记中记录下图片3：PURPOSEQUESTION功能题什么是功能题？thequestiontypeofteninvolvesreplayingaportionofthelisteningpassage.如何识别功能题？Whatdoestheprofessorimplywhenhesaysthis:(reply)Whatcanbeinferredfromtheprofessor’sresponsetothestudent?Whatisthepurposeofthewoman’sresponse?Whydoesthestudentsaythis?托福听力中的常见功能：（1）Explanation:Simplyput/Let’sputinthisway/IthinkIshould/youmean（2）Conclusion:nowtosum/wrapupmyspeech（3）Suggestion:youshouldhavedonesomethingbetter（4）Inspiration:comeon,youaresupposedtoknowthis…（5）Emphasis:pleasebearinmindthat…/Rhetoricalquestion（6）Correctingmistake:Excuseme,Actually,DidIsayXXX?Imean8YYY.Oh,waitaminutes,WhatamIsaying?waitaminute/Imadeaslipoftongue4：ATTITUDEQUESTION态度题什么是态度题？youmaybeaskedaquestionaboutthespeaker’sfeelings,likesanddislikes,orreasonforanxietyoramusement.Alsoincludedinthiscategoryarequestionsaboutaspeaker’sdegreeofcertainty:isthespeakerreferencingasourceorgivingapersonalopinion?Arethefactspresentedgenerallyacceptedoraretheydisputed?如何识别态度题？Whatcanbeinferredaboutthestudent?Whatistheprofessor’sattitudetoward…?Whatistheprofessor’sopinionof…?Whatcanbeinferredaboutthestudentwhenshesaysthis:Whatdoesthewomanmeanwhenshesaysthis:态度题的Tips:(1)语气语调，重读，小词；9(2)把握态度上的肯定还是否定；(3)喜欢还是厌倦；(4)有兴趣还是没有兴趣；(5)满意、不满意还是受挫；托福听力中的常见态度：（1）Awful:woops!Uh-uh!Oh,no!Oh,dear!Oh,shoot!（2）Remind:Idon’tthinkyouwilldo/Iwaswonderingifyouwilldosomething/Idon’timagineifyoudo…/youhaven’tdonesomething,haveyou?（3）Pity:whatashame/that’stoobad./I’msorrytohearthat/toughluck（4）Eulogy:Fabulous=Fab;Magnificent=Magnif;Glamorous=Glam;Excellent;Terrific;Awesome;Amazing;Fantastic;Incredible;Outstanding;Superb;Charming;Goodjob（5）totheprofessor:Fascinating;Catching;Instructive;StimulatingThought-provoking;（6）Surprise:Gee!Jesus!Mydear!Boy!JesusChrist!Man!Oh,myGod!Gosh!Oh,my!What!Dearme!（7）Tactfulrefuse:Soundsgreat,but/Soundslikefun,but/that’stempting,but/IwishIcould,but/I’dloveto,but/I’d10reallyliketo,but/Iwould(ifIcould),but/Imeantto,but/Ihavebeenmeaningto(dosomething),but/Ishouldhave,but…5：ORGANIZATIONQUESTION结构题什么是结构题？inunderstandingorganizationquestionsyoumaybeaskedabouttheoverallorganizationofthelisteningpassage,oryoumaybeaskedabouttherelationshipbetweentwoportionsofthelisteningpassage.如何识别全文结构题？Howistheinformationinthelectureorganized?HowdoestheprofessorclarifythepointshemakesaboutMexico?11新托福演讲文章的四种典型结构（1）直线型结构（2）并列结构（3）比较结构（4）对比结构如何识别表格题？（1）配对表格题：重要信息对号入座，侧重于考察多个时间、地点、人物、事件的对应／段落中主要论点下的各分支及各分支定义和主要特点（2）判断表格题：侧重于考察哪些信息提到／没提到（注意记录文中列举的主要观点／举例）（3）排序表格题：侧重于考察对过程／步骤地把握6：INFERENCEQUESTION推理题什么是推理题？Youusuallyhavetoreachaconclusionbasedonfactspresentedinthelisteningpassage.如何识别推理题？Whatcanbeinferredabout…?ETSWhatdoestheprofessorimplyabout…?ETSWhatwillthestudentsdointhesummer?12推理题的解题技巧（1）注意出现的观点性语言：inmyopinion,asfarasI’mconcerned,personally,payattention,frommypointofview（2）注意进度条和结尾段的引申（3）注意首尾段的遥相辉映（4）正确选项经常是文章中没有出现的单词