英国文学8.2-Renaissance-文艺复兴

ChapterIRenaissanceI.Time:the14th–mid-17thcenturiesII.Influences1.RenaissanceinEuropePainting:LeonardodaVinci,Raphael,Titian…Sculpture:Michelangelo…2.Literature:Boccaccio:Decameron《十日谈》Dante:DivineComedy《神曲》Petrarch:lovelyrics3.HumanisminEuropeMontaigne’sEssays蒙田随笔4.HenryVIII’sReformCatholicismProtestantism4.Elizabeth’sReign①Nationalism②GreatAchievementsinliteratureandotherArts③ForeignPolicy:ElizabethsuccessfullyplayedoffagainsteachotherthetwogreatCatholicpowers,FranceandSpain,andpreventedEnglandfromgettinginvolvedinanymajorEuropeanconflict.III.FeaturesoftheRenaissance1.Humanism①keeninterestinGreekandLatinculture②thewelfareofhumanbeings2.Themes①praiseofman②pursuitofhappinessinthislife③manshouldbegivenfullfreedomtoenrichtheirintellectualsandemotionallife.IV.MajorAuthorsandWorks(1)1.WilliamShakespeareandhisWorksTragedies-Hamlet-Macbeth-Othello-KingLearComedies:-AMidsummerNight’sdream-MuchAdoAboutNothing-TheMerchantofVeniceHistoryplays:-RichardII,III-HenryIV,V,VI,VIII-AntonyandCleopatra-JuliusCaesarPoemsandSonnets(154)Shakespeare'sPointsofView•Humanism•PowerofLoveShakespeare’sSignificance•Drama–LivelyPlot–ProfoundThemes•Poetry:Sonnet(LovePoem)–ShakespeareanSonnet:ababcdcdefefgg–Italian/PetrarchanSonnet:abba,abba,cdecdeorcdcdcd•Language–MedievalEnglishSonnet181.Voice:eternityofloveandpoetry2.Sound:•iambicpentameter•ababcdcdefefgg3.Format:sonnet4.Structure:•Stanza1:Youarebeautiful.•Stanza2:Beautycouldnotfightagainsttime.•Stanza3:Yourbeautyiseternalinmypoem.•Stanza4:Poetryiseternal.ShallI/compare/theeto/asum/mer'sday?Thouart/morelove/lyand/moretem/perate:Roughwinds/doshake/thedar/lingbuds/ofMay,Andsum/mer'slease/hathall/tooshort/adate:Sometime/toohot/theeye/ofhea/venshines,Andoften/ishis/goldcom/plexion/dimm'd;Andeve/ryfair/fromfair/sometime/declines,Bychance/orna/ture'schan/gingcourse/untrimm'dButthy/eter/nalsum/mershall/notfadeNorlose/posse/ssionof/thatfair/thouow’st;Norshall/Deathbrag/thouwan/der'stin/hisshade,Whenin/eter/nallines/totime/thougrowest:Solong/asmen/canbreathe/oreyes/cansee,Solong/livesthis/andthis/giveslife/tothee.夏日怎能与妳譬喻比拟妳的可爱温和夏日难及五月花蕾恶风吹袭落地夏日租约倏忽转瞬到期有时天眼高灼炎炎难耐更见乌云常蔽金色面容古今红颜难逃红颜色衰命运无常季候欺凌作弄妳的永恒夏日却将长存美貌红颜必也永世不减死神难夸妳为地府美人因妳芳名已成不朽诗篇除非人世已经灭绝无生此诗必将永传与汝永恒2.EdmundSpenserandhis“TheFaerieQueene”IV.MajorAuthorsandWorks(2)TheFaerieQueeneisanEnglishepicpoembyEdmundSpenser,publishedfirstinthreebooksin1590,andlaterinsixbooksin1596.TheFaerieQueeneisnotableforitsform:itwasthefirstworkwritteninSpenserianstanza.Itisanallegoricalwork,writteninpraiseofQueenElizabethI.Largelysymbolic,thepoemfollowsseveralknightsinanexaminationofseveralvirtues.TheFaerieQueenefoundpoliticalfavourwithElizabethIandwasconsequentlyasuccess,totheextentthatitbecameSpenser'sdefiningwork.AmeasureofthefavourwhichthepoemfoundwiththemonarchisthatSpenserwasgrantedapensionforlifeonaccountofit(50poundsayear).Theworkfoundgreatacclamationamongcriticsandhasbeenthesubjectofmanyanalyses.AletterwrittenbySpensertoSirWalterRaleighin1589containsanearlyplanforTheFaerieQueene,inwhichSpenserdescribestheallegoricalpresentationofvirtuesthroughArthurianknightsinthemythicalFaerieland.Presentedasaprefacetotheepicinmostpublishededitions,thisletteroutlinesplansfor24books:12basedeachonadifferentknightwhoexemplifiedoneof12privatevirtues,andapossible12morecenteredonKingArthurdisplayingtwelvepublicvirtues.SpensernamesAristotleashissourceforthesevirtues,althoughtheinfluenceofThomasAquinascanbeobservedaswell.ItisimpossibletopredictwhattheworkwouldhavelookedlikehadSpenserlivedtocompleteit,butthereliabilityofthepredictionsmadeinhislettertoRaleighisnotabsolute,asnumerousdivergencesfromthatschemeemergedasearlyas1590,inthefirstFaerieQueenepublication.Asitwaspublishedin1596,theepicpresentedthefollowingvirtues:BookI:HolinessBookII:TemperanceBookIII:ChastityBookIV:FriendshipBookV:JusticeBookVI:CourtesyInadditiontothesesixvirtues,theLettertoRaleighsuggeststhatArthurrepresentsthevirtuesofMagnificence,which(accordingtoAristotleandtherest)istheperfectionofalltherest,andconteinethinitthemall;andthattheFaerieQueeneherselfrepresentsGlory(hencehername,Gloriana).EdmondSpencer’sSignificance:ThePoets’Poet•PerfectMelody•RareSenseofBeauty•SplendidImagination•LoftyMoralPurityandSeriousness•DedicatedIdealismSpenserwasadmiredbyWilliamWordsworth,JohnKeats,LordByronandAlfredLordTennysonamongothers.Thelanguageofhispoetryispurposelyarchaic,reminiscentofearlierworkssuchasTheCanterburyTalesofGeoffreyChaucer,whomSpensergreatlyadmired.3.ChristopherMarloweandhisDr.FaustusIV.MajorAuthorsandWorks(3)DoctorFaustus,awell-respectedGermanscholar,growsdissatisfiedwiththelimitsoftraditionalformsofknowledge—logic,medicine,law,andreligion—anddecidesthathewantstolearntopracticemagic.HisfriendsValdesandCorneliusinstructhimintheblackarts,andhebeginshisnewcareerasamagicianbysummoningupMephastophilis,adevil.DespiteMephastophilis'swarningsaboutthehorrorsofhell,Faustustellsthedeviltoreturntohismaster,Lucifer,withanofferofFaustus'ssoulinexchangefortwenty-fouryearsofservicefromMephastophilis.MephastophilisreturnstoFa