(完整版)及物动词与不及物动词动词

1/16及物动词与不及物动词动词动词1)表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。2)根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为四类,分别是:实义动词(NotionalVerb)、系动词(LinkVerb)、助动词(AuxiliaryVerb)、情态动词(ModalVerb)。b5E2RGbCAP说明:有些情况下,有些动词是兼类词,例如:Wearehavingameeting.我们正在开会。(having是实义动词。)HehasgonetoNewYork.他已去纽约。(has是助动词。)3)动词根据其后是否带有宾语,可分为两类,分别是:及物动词(TransitiveVerb)、不及物动词(IntransitiveVerb),缩写形式分别为vt.和vi.。p1EanqFDPw**英语动词是句子的核心。它既决定着句子意思的表达同时又决定着句子的语法结构。难怪有人说,英语是动词和介词的语言。可见研究动词的用法在英语学习中是十分重要的。DXDiTa9E3d(一、)分清及物不及物:分清动词的及物不及物是在英语学习中必须解决的首要问题。动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况:a.主要用作及物动词。及物动词后面必须跟宾语。可以用于:HereachedParisthedaybeforeyesterday.Pleasehandmethebookoverthere.2/16Theyaskedmetogofishingwiththem.类似的还有:buy,catch,invent,found,like,observe,offer,prevent,promise,raise,find,forget,receive,regard,see,say,seat,supply,select,suppose,show,make,take,tell....RTCrpUDGiTb.主要用作不及物的动词。不及物动词后面不跟宾语。只能用与:ThisistheroomwhereIoncelived.类似的还有:agree,go,work,listen,look,come,die,belong,fall,exist,rise,arrive,sit,sail,hurry,fail,succeed....5PCzVD7HxAc.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义不变。如begin都是作d.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义完全不同。这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义;而作及物动词时却是另一个意义。如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的jLBHrnAILgHeliftedhisglassanddrank.类似的还有:beatvi.跳动vt.敲、打;growvi.生长vt.种植playvi.玩耍vt.打(牌、球),演奏smellvi.发出(气味)vt.嗅xHAQX74J0Xringvi.(电话、铃)响vt.打电话speakvi.讲话vt.说(语言)hangvi.悬挂vt.绞死operatevi.动手术vt.操作LDAYtRyKfE(二、)辨别表动作与表结果的动词表动作的动词强调动作的发生,不涉及该动词的结果。如:Helookedatthepicture.Hesawapicture.前一句中的动词强调(三、)记住瞬间动词3/16英语中不少动词所表示的动作在瞬间就可以完成.如:Hearrivedinparisyesterday.而另一些动词所表示的动作则可以延续.如:Theyworkeduntil12o'clocklastnight.特别是在现在完成时态的句子中,瞬间动词的完成时态不能跟表示一段时间的时间状语连用。瞬间动词有:arrive,borrow,buy,close,fall,finish,go,join,kill,hit,leave,lend,die,marry,open,reach,return,start,stop,recognize....等。Zzz6ZB2Ltk(四、)掌握好表状态的连系动词与表变化的连系动词英语中的连系动词主要分为两大类:a.表状态的连系动词。如:heisagoodworker.除了be而外,还有:stand(位于),lie(位于),stay,have,consistof,belongto,exist,weigh,own....等。dvzfvkwMI1b.另一类连系动词表示动作或变化,是由行为动词转化而来的。一般在这些连系动词后跟形容词作表语如:hishairgrowsgrey.这类连系动词还有:turn,become,taste,smell,sound,look,feel,get...等。rqyn14ZNXI(五、)注意词义相近,用法不同的动词a.表主观与客观的动词Ireceivedhisinvitationlastnight,butididn'twanttoacceptit.EmxvxOtOco该句中,动词receive,accept都表示b.表直接与间接的动词Heheardthatthescientistwouldcometoourschool.SixE2yXPq54/16Heheardofthenewsthatthescientistwouldcometoourschool.6ewMyirQFL前句中hear的表示直接听说的,而后一句中hearof的表示间接听说的。类似用法的动词还有:know;knowof,speak;speakof,talk;talkof等。kavU42VRUs(六、)重视多字动词的用法所谓多字动词是指动词与某些副词、介词构成的动词词组。一般有四种形式:a.Weneverthoughtofsuchsuccesswhenwefirststarted.y6v3ALoS89类似用法的还有:agreeto,askfor,attentionto,breakinto,callupon,dealwith,laughat,dreamof,listento,lookat,operateon,talkabout,relyon,referto...M2ub6vSTnPb.Weputoffthesportsmeet.Afterhegrewup,hewenttolondontoworkforacompany.0YujCfmUCw类似用法的还有:bringabout,bringup,callup,carryout,findout,giveup,handin,helpout,lookup,makeout,passon,pointout,putaway,putdown,putaway,putdown,putoff,puton,ringup,setup,takeup,thinkover,turndown,useup,workout...,wakeup,shutup,comeabout,breakout,carryon,comeup,fallover,getaway,getback,lookout,goup,goout,stayup....eUts8ZQVRd在这类结构中,必须注意有的多字动词即及物又可不及物。有的甚至汉语意义也完全不相同。如:Helookedupandsawhisteacherinfrontofhim.(vi.抬起头看)sQsAEJkW5T5/16Helookedupthewordinthedictionary.(vt.查找)类似的有breakdownvi.(车等)坏了vt.分解,分为;goovervi.走过去vt.复习,仔细查看等。c.Weshoulddoawaywiththatsortofthing.类似的有:giveinto,catchupwith,lookdownupon,makeupfor,putupwith....GMsIasNXkAd.Wewilltakecareofthem.类似的有:catchsightof,keepaneyeon,makeuseof,makeafoolof,makefunof,makeroomfor,makesureof,knockoutof,haveawordwith,payattentionto,putTIrRGchYzganendto,setfireto,takeadvantageof,takeholdof,takenoteof,takenoticeof,takepartin,takepridein,takepossessionof,playatrickon,playapartin....7EqZcWLZNX****说明:同一动词有时可用作及物动词,有时可用作不及物动词。例如:Shecandanceandsing.她能唱歌又能跳舞。(sing在此用作不及物动词。)ShecansingmanyEnglishsongs.她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing用作及物动词。)6/164)根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制,可分两类,分别是:限定动词(FiniteVerb)、非限定动词(Non-finiteVerb)例如:lzq7IGf02EShesingsverywell.她唱得很好。(sing受主语she的限制,故用第三人称单数形式sings。)ShewantstolearnEnglishwell.她想学好英语。(tolearn不受主语she的限制,没有词形变化,是非限定动词。说明:英语中共有三种非限定动词,分别是:动词不定式(Infinitive)、动名词(Gerund)、分词(Participle)。zvpgeqJ1hk5)根据动词的组成形式,可分为三类,分别是:单字词(One-WordVerb)、短语动词(PhrasalVerb)、动词短语(VerbalPhrase)例如:NrpoJac3v1TheEnglishlanguagecontainsmanyphrasalverbsandverbalphrases.1nowfTG4KI英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。(contains是单字动词。)Studentsshouldlearntolookupnewwordsindictionaries.fjnFLDa5Zo学生们学会查字典。(lookup是短语动词。)Theyoungoughttotakecareoftheold.年轻人应照料老人。(takecareof是动词短语。)6)动词有五种形态,分别是:原形(OriginalForm)、第三人称单数形式(SingularFrominThirdPersonal)、过去式(PastForm)、过去分词(PastParticiple)、现在分词(PresentParticiple)。tfnNhnE6e57)及物动词不需要介词在英语错误中,①a.Westudyeveryday.7/16b.DoyoustudyEnglisheveryday.②a.Pleasewriteclearlynexttime.b.Canyouwriteyourcompositionnow?如果本质上就是不及物动词,就不会有宾语;若要宾语,就要借介词之助,一起连用才行,如③b和④b;③a和④a是错的;HbmVN777sL*③a.Thechildrenarelisteningthemusic.b.Thechildrenarelisteningtothemusic.*④a.Sheislaughingthecrippledman.b.Sheislaughingatthecrippledman.反之,及物动词不必靠介词,就可以带宾语,如上述的①b和②b,又如⑤和⑥:⑤Johnisgivingabooktome.V7l4jRB8Hs⑥Whowillanswerthisquestion?如果无意中把介词加上,就错了,如:*⑦Whowillanswertothisquestion?下列这句从房地产广告中看到的句子,也犯了同样的错:许多人习惯上喜欢把介词加到及物动词后面,然后才带出宾语。最常见的是⑧Singaporeansseemtohaveemphasizedonmaterialgains.83lcPA59W9⑨In