新概念第三册第27课精编版

Lesson27NothingtoSellandNothingtoBuy不买也不卖Ithasbeensaidthateveryonelivesbysellingsomething.据说每个人都靠出售某种东西来维持生活。Ithasbeensaidthat=itissaidthat据说liveby以…为生Inthelightofthisstatement,teacherslivebysellingknowledge,philosophersbysellingwisdomandpriestsbysellingspiritualcomfort.根据这种说法，教师靠卖知识为生，哲学家靠卖智慧为生，牧师靠卖精神安慰为生。inthelightof=accordingto,takingintoaccount依据，按照philosophers和priests后面都承前省略了live,为了避免重复。philosophern.哲学家Philosophyn.哲学TheancientGreekphilosopher苏格拉底Socrates['sɔkrəti:z]柏拉图Plato['pleitəu]亚里士多德Aristotle['æristɔtl]-Platoisdeartome,butdearerstillistruth.-Ilovemyteacher,butIlovetruthmore.---Aristotlewisdomn.智慧Platoisamanofwisdom.=Platoisawiseman.wiseadj.英明的，明智的-Imadeawisechoice.wisdomteethThiswisdomthatyousimplylearnfromothers’isnotenough.Onthebasisofit,youshouldbuildyourownideas.priestn.牧师thethreemajorreligionsoftheworld:基督教Christian['krɪstʃən]佛教Buddhism['bʊdɪzəm]伊斯兰教Islamism['izləmizəm]天主教Catholicism[kə'θɔlisizəm]道教Taoism['taʊ'ɪzəm]印度教Hinduism['hinduizəm]ChristianBuddhism['bʊdɪzəm]Islamism['izləmizəm]Taoism['taʊ'ɪzəm]Hinduism['hinduizəm]spiritualadj.精神上的，非物质的spirituallife/spiritualneedspiritedadj.精神饱满的，生机勃勃的，英勇的aspiritedgirllow-spirited沮丧的high-spirited兴奋的aspiriteddebate热烈的辩论public-spiritedadj.有爱国心的,有公德心的（名词public-spiritedness）Thankstoagroupofpublic-spiritedcitizens,theKrippendorfgardenhasbeenpreserved.多谢一群有公德心的市民，克利彭多夫花园才得以维持下去。Thoughitmaybepossibletomeasurethevalueofmaterialgoodsintermsofmoney,itisextremelydifficulttoestimatethetruevalueoftheserviceswhichpeopleperformforus.虽然物质产品的价值可以用金钱来衡量，但要估算别人为我们为所提供的服务的价值却是极其困难的。though引导让步状语从句，交代“先决条件是…”intermsof从…方面说来，按照Thebookoffersnothingintermsofasatisfactoryconclusion.Itisthefashionnowadays,forinstance,toexplainallsocialunrestintermsofeconomicconditions.Therearetimeswhenwewouldwillinglygiveeverythingwepossesstosaveourlives,yetwemightgrudgepayingasurgeonahighfeeforofferinguspreciselythisservice.有时，我们为了挽救生命，愿意付出我们所占有的一切。但就在外科大夫给我们提供了这种服务后，我们却可能为所支付的昂贵的费用而抱怨。ahighfee高昂的费用preciselyadv.精确地；恰恰grudgevt.怀恨；吝惜；妒忌；不情愿做n.怨恨；恶意；妒忌Hegrudgedpayinghistaxes.他不愿付税金。-Hiscrudemastergrudgedhimeventhefoodheate.Hegrudgedmemysalary.他吝于给我薪水。-Hegrudgedmysuccess.(vt.妒忌，怨恨)Theygrudgedhimhisprize.他们嫉妒他得奖。surgeonn.外科大夫surgeryn.外科手术Theplasticsurgeonundercuttheskinofhercheek.整容外科医生将她的脸皮下部切开。physician[fɪ'zɪʃən]n.内科医生gynecologist[,ɡaɪnə'kɑlədʒɪst]n.妇科医生pediatrician[,pidɪə'trɪʃən]n.儿科医生dentistn.牙科医生nasal['nezl]/ear/oral/braindoctor鼻科/耳科/口腔/脑科医生Theconditionsofsocietyaresuchthatskillshavetobepaidforinthesamewaythatgoodsarepaidforatashop.Everyonehassomethingtosell.社会上的情况就是如此，技术是必须付钱去买的，就像在商店里要花钱买商品一样。人人都有东西可以出售。such后面的that引导同位语从句，such是代词。这个从句中的that引导的是一个定语从句，说明是“什么样的方法”。动词不定式tosell充当something的后置定语。Trampsseemtobetheonlyexceptiontothisgeneralrule.Beggarsalmostsellthemselvesashumanbeingstoarousethepityofpassers-by.在这条普遍的规律前面，好像只有流浪汉是个例外，乞丐出售的几乎是他本人，以引起过路人的怜悯。trampsn.[træmp]流浪汉tohisgeneralrule作证句子的补充状语。toarousethepityofpassers-by是动词不定式短语，作目的状语，即“出售本人的目的是引起过路人的怜悯”。passer-byn.过路人（复数passers-by）looker-on旁观者father-in-law岳父，公公mother/son/daughter/brother/sister-in-law岳母/婆婆/女婿/儿媳妇/姐夫，妹夫/夫或妻的姐妹Butrealtrampsarenotbeggars.Theyhavenothingtosellandrequirenothingfromothers.但真正的流浪并不是乞丐。他们既不出售任何东西，也不需要从别人那儿得到任何东西.这句话由but引导，是对上句内容的转折。tosell作nothing的后置定语。两个简单句由and连接。Inseekingindependence,theydonotsacrificetheirhumandignity.在追求独立自由的同时，他们并不牺牲为人的尊严。inseeking…为固定搭配，意思是“在追求…的过程中”。Atrampmayaskyouformoney,buthewillneveraskyoutofeelsorryforhim.游浪汉可能会向你讨钱，但他从来不要你可怜他。这个句子由两个并列的分句构成，两个分句中各含有一个重要短语asksb.forsth.(向某人索要某物)，asksb.todosth.(要求某人做某事)。dignityn.尊严，高贵loseone'sdignity丢面子，失去尊严-Ifyouareafraidoflosingyourdignity,youcan'texpecttolearnaforeignlanguage.-Althoughsheisverypoor,shehasnotlostherdignity.Hehasdeliberatelychosentoleadthelifeheleadsandisfullyawareoftheconsequences.他是故意在选择过那种生活的，并完全清楚以这种方式生活的后果。heleads作life的定语从句，前面省去了关系代词that。deliberatelyadv.故意地（=onpurpose）-Hecougheddeliberately/onpurposetoattractmyattention.adv.慎重地，深思熟虑地-Hemadeadecisiondeliberately.consequencen.后果，结果inconsequence因此，结果-Itrainedyesterdayandinconsequencethematchwascanceled.inconsequenceof因为...的缘故，由于-Hedidn'tcometoschoolinconsequenceofhisillness.taketheconsequenceof承担...的责任-Youhavetotaketheconsequenceoftheaccident.Hemayneverbesurewherethenextmealiscomingfrom,butheisfreefromthethousandsofanxietieswhichafflictotherpeople.他可能从不知道下顿饭有无着落，但他不像有人那样被千万桩愁事所折磨。wherethenextmealiscomingfrom是谓语besure所指的内容，即宾语从句。which引导定语从句，修饰anxieties,指“…的烦心事”。befreefrom不受..的影响，后面常接pain,trouble,danger.afflictv.使苦恼，折磨beafflictedwith受...折磨-Heisafflictedwithadisease.Sheisafflictedwithaconscience她受良心的责备。afflictionn.痛苦，苦恼Thethoughtthatthispersonistheonlyoneformeistherootoftheaffliction.那种认为“这个人是我的唯一”的想法是痛苦的根源。Hisfewmaterialpossessionmakeitpossibleforhimtomovefromplacetoplacewithease.他几乎没有什么财产，这使他能够轻松自如地在各地奔波。it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是tomovefromplacetoplacewithease。withease相当于easily。easen.容易withease熟练地，轻而易举地（=easily）-Hefinishedthetaskwithease。atease安逸，自由自在-Heisquiteateaseinpublic