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26Chapter2ManagementYesterdayandTodayTRUE/FALSEQUESTIONSHISTORICALBACKGROUNDOFMANAGEMENT1.AccordingtoAdamSmith,divisionoflaborwasanimportantconcept.(True;easy;p.26)2.IntheIndustrialRevolution,machinepowerbegansubstitutingforhumanpower.(True;easy;p.27)3.TheIndustrialRevolutionbeganinthenineteenthcentury.(False;moderate;p.27)SCIENTIFICMANAGEMENT4.PrinciplesofScientificManagementwaswrittenbyFrederickWinslowTaylor.(True;moderate;p.28)5.“Onebestway”isthephrasemostassociatedwithscientificmanagement.(True;moderate;p.28)6.TheprimaryissuethatarousedTaylortocreateamorescientificapproachtomanagementwasworkereffectiveness.(False;difficult;p.28)7.Basedonhisscientificmanagementprinciples,Taylorsuggestedtheincentivepayprinciple.(True;moderate;p.28)8.GeertHofstedeisassociatedwiththescientificmanagementapproach.(False;moderate;p.28)9.FrankGilbreth’sbest-knowncontributiontoscientificmanagementconcernedselectingthebestworker.(False;moderate;p.29)10.Gilbrethisbestknownfor“theonebestway.”(False;moderate;p.28)11.FrederickTaylorismostassociatedwiththeprinciplesofscientificmanagement.(True;easy;p.28)12.GeertHofstedewasamongthefirstresearcherstousemotionpicturestostudyhand-and-bodymotions.(False;moderate;p.29)GENERALADMINISTRATIVETHEORISTS13.Generaladministrativetheoryfocusesonlyonmanagersandadministrators.(False;moderate;p.29)2714.OnecouldsaythatFayolwasinterestedinstudyingmacromanagementissues,whereasTaylorwasinterestedinstudyingmicromanagementissues.(True;moderate;p.30)15.The14principlesofmanagementareassociatedwithFayol.(True;moderate;p.30)16.Anorganizationthathasadivisionoflabor,aclearlydefinedhierarchy,detailedrules,andimpersonalrelationshipswouldbedescribedasabureaucracy.(True;moderate;p.30)17.Weber’sbureaucracyisalotlikescientificmanagement.(True;moderate;p.30)QUANTITATIVEAPPROACHTOMANAGEMENT18.Thequalitativeapproachtomanagementhasalsobeenlabeledoperationsresearchormanagementscience.(False;moderate;p.32)19.Linearprogrammingisatechniquethatmanagersusetoimproveresourceallocationdecisions.(True;moderate;p.32)TOWARDUNDERSTANDINGORGANIZATIONALBEHAVIOR20.Concernforemployeemotivationismostcloselyassociatedwithorganizationalbehavior.(True;moderate;p.32)21.Barnard,Follett,Munsterberg,andOwenarealltheoristsassociatedwiththeearlyorganizationalbehaviorapproach.(True;moderate;p.33)22.HugoMunsterbergcreatedthefieldofindustrialpsychology.(False;moderate;p.33)23.HugoMunsterbergwasanearlyadvocateofthehumanresourcesapproachtomanagement.(True;moderate;p.33)24.Munsterberg’sworkinindustrialpsychologyiseasilyconnectedwiththescientificmanagementapproach.(True;moderate;p.33)25.Withoutquestion,themostimportantcontributiontothedevelopingfieldoforganizationalbehaviorcamefromtheHawthornestudies.(True;moderate;p.33)26.TheHawthornestudieswereperformedattheGeneralMotorsplantbeginningin1924.(False;easy;p.33)27.FollettisthescientistwhoismostcloselyassociatedwiththeHawthornestudies.(False;moderate;p.34)28CURRENTTRENDSANDISSUES28.Electroniccommerceisanyformofbusinessexchangeortransactioninwhichthepartiesinteractelectronically.(True;moderate;p.40)29.AnorganizationwhosewholeexistenceismadepossiblebyandrevolvesaroundtheInternetiscategorizedase-businessenhanced.(False;moderate;p.41)30.Accordingtothetextbook,totalqualitymanagementisaphilosophyofmanagementdrivenbycontinualimprovementandrespondingtocustomerneedsandexpectations.(True;moderate;p.43)MULTIPLE-CHOICEQUESTIONSForeachofthefollowingchoosetheanswerthatmostcompletelyanswersthequestion.HISTORICALBACKGROUNDOFMANAGEMENT31.WhichofthefollowingisnotareasonSmithclaimedenhancedproductivityfromdivisionoflabor?a.increasingworkerskillanddexterityb.savingtimelostinchangingtasksc.creatinglabor-savinginventionsd.strictmanagementcontroloverworkertimeandmotion(d;moderate;p.26)32.Anexampleofearlyusesofthefunctionsofmanagementisthe_______________.a.developmentofgunpowderb.arsenalofVenicewhereshipswerebuiltc.Artist’sRevolutionin1803d.Warof1812(b;moderate;p.26)33.InWealthofNations,AdamSmithdescribedthebreakdownofjobsintonarrowandrepetitivetasksandcalledthis______________.a.assemblylinesb.lowestcommonfactorofworkc.divisionoflabord.greatestcommonfactorofwork(c;challenging;p.26)34.ThemajorcontributionoftheIndustrialRevolutionwasthesubstitutionof________forhumanpower.a.electricityb.waterpowerc.machinepowerd.criticalthinking(c;challenging;p.27)2935.Generaladministrativetheoristsdevotedtheireffortsto_________________.a.makingtheoverallorganizationmoreeffectiveb.developingmathematicalmodelstoimprovemanagementc.improvingtheproductivityandefficiencyofworkersd.emphasizingthestudyofhumanbehaviorinorganizations(a;moderate;p.29)36.Whichofthefollowingisnotoneofthefourmanagementapproachesthatgrewoutofthefirsthalfofthiscentury?a.scientificmanagementb.generaladministrativec.organizationalbehaviord.systemsapproach(d;easy;p.27)SCIENTIFICMANAGEMENT37.FrederickTaylorperformedmostofhisworkin_______________.a.grapevineyardsinCaliforniab.steelcompaniesinPennsylvaniac.autoassemblyplantsnearDetroitd.cottonginsinAlabama(b;easy;p.28)38.FrankandLillianGilb