2020届上海牛津版中考英语一轮复习专题:形容词副词

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中考专题:形容词副词一、专题知识梳理知识点1:基本概念形容词可用来修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。Eg.:big,tall,short,clever…知识点2:用法详解1)形容词作定语,一般要放在名词前面。Eg:aclevergirl(一个聪明的女孩)acarefulboy(一个细心的男孩)somebeautifulflowers(一些美丽的花)【注意】当形容词修饰不定代词something,nothing,anything时要放在所修饰的不定代词之后。Eg.:somethingimportant,nothingserious,anythinggood2)形容词作表语,放在系动词后面。Eg.:Thisappletastesdelicious.【注意】ill,sorry,alone,asleep,afraid,awake…只作表语不作定语。3)形容词作宾语补足语,放在宾语之后。Eg.:Thenewteachermadeushappyeveryclass.4)用形容词表示类别和整体某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接。如:thedead,theliving,therichthepoor,theblind,thehungry;Thepoorarelosinghope.5)在系动词后构成系表结构:常见系动词有:be变化系动词:become,get,turn,grow,go保持系动词:keep,stay感观系动词:look,smell,taste,feel,sound,seem,etc.例如:Theweathergetswarmerandthetreesturngreeninspring.春天天气变暖和了,树变绿了。Theflowerssmellsweet.这些花闻起来很香。Thesouptastesnice.这汤尝上去很好吃。Youlookfine.你看起来气色很好。(注意:look,get,turn,grow,go作为行为动词与作为系动词的不同,尤其重点讲look的不同)6)以-ly结尾的形容词大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly仍为形容词。改错:(错)Shesanglovely.(错)Hespoketomeveryfriendly.(对)Hersingingwaslovely.(对)Hespoketomeinaveryfriendlyway.有些以-ly结尾既为形容词,也为副词。如:daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early(对应的late也如此)TheTimesisadailypaper.TheTimesispublisheddaily.7)以-ing或-ed结尾的形容词有一类形容词是在动词后面加上词尾-ing/-ed而转化成形容词,如interest,surprise,excite,amaze,disappoint,frighten,bore,satisfy等(对应的动词都翻译成:使……)以-ing结尾的形容词,如interesting,surprising,exciting,amazing,disappointing,frightening,boring等,表示“令人……”,用来说明主语的性质以-ed结尾的形容词,如interested,surprised,excited,amazed,disappointed,frightened,bored等,表示“感到……”,用来说明主语的感受和心里状态(由于please转化而来的pleased和pleasant形式特殊,可以单独拿出来讲)8)多个形容词修饰名词的顺序“县官行令杀国才”这一句就概述了形容词顺序问题。即:限(冠词[物主代词、指示代词]数词等)观(描绘)形(大小、形状等)龄(年龄、新旧等)色(色彩)国(国籍、出处等)材(材料、功用等)aninterestingEnglishfilmaheavyblackChinesesilkumbrellaasmallroundtableatallgraybuildingadirtyoldbrownshirtafamousGermanmedicalschoolanexpensiveJapanesesportscar9)形容词常用的表达结构:“It’s+adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”注意:这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词,如:good(好的),kind(友善的),nice(友好的),polite(有礼貌的),clever(聪明的),foolish(愚蠢的),lazy(懒惰的),careful(细心的),careless(粗心的),right(正确的),wrong(错误的)等。例如:It’sverykindofyoutohelpme.(=Youareverykindtohelpme.)你能帮助我,真好。It’sveryrudeofhertosaysuchwords.(=Sheisveryrudetosaysuchwords.)她说这样的话,真粗鲁。It’sfoolishofhimtogoalone.(=Heisfoolishtogoalone.)他单独出去太傻了。“It’s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”注意:这一句型中常用的形容词有important(重要的),necessary(必要的),difficult(困难的),easy(容易的),hard(艰难的),dangerous(危险的),safe(安全的),useful(有益的),pleasant(舒适的),interesting(有趣的),impossible(不可能的)等。例如:It’snoteasyforthemtolearnaforeignlanguage.=Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasyforthem.It’sveryimportantforstudentstolistentoteacherscarefully.=Tolistentoteacherscarefullyisveryimportantforstudents.It’snecessaryforustogettoschoolontime.=Togettoschoolontimeisnecessaryforus.二、专题精讲例题1:Idon'tfeelvery.A.terriblyB.wellC.goodD.badly〖精析〗feel为系动词,后面要加形容词,B和C都是形容词,good作为形容词不指“身体好”,而well作为形容词才指“身体好”,此外well还可以作为副词用。所以选B(well作为形容词和副词用法的不同要讲彻底,以及作为形容词与good的区别)例题2:Looking___athismother,thelittleboylooked____.A.happy;goodB.happy;wellC.sadly;sadD.sad;sadly〖精析〗look既可以作为系动词又可以作为行为动词。作为行为动词时,是不及物动词,常和at连用或单独使用,表示“看”的动作,用副词修饰,第一个look表示看的动作并且后面有at,所以选C;作为行为动词,表示“看起来”,后面接形容词共同说明主语的特征而不是动作,第二个look表示看起来,为系动词,后选形容词。(解释清楚look作为系动词和行为动词的不同)例题3:Themanwasnot___whenheheardthe___words.A.frightening;frighteningB.frightened;frightenedC.frightening;frightenedD.frightened;frightening〖精析〗这道题很好的诠释了-ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别,frightening表示“令人害怕的”,这里的“人”是指别人,而不是主语本身,用来说明主语具有“令人害怕”的性质;frightened表示“感到害怕的”,是主语感到害怕。此句的意思为“当他听到令人恐惧的话语时,这人并没有感到害怕。”所以选D.例题4:The___boywastakentothenearesthospital.A.illB.sickC.goodD.clever〖精析〗这道题主语讲的是表语形容词和普通形容词的区别,一般的普通形容词既可做定语又可做表语,而表语形容词只能做表语,ill是表语形容词,sick是普通形容词,这里缺定语,所以选B.三、专题过关检测题1:选出最佳选项1.Onedaytheycrossedthe____bridgebehindthepalace.A.oldChinesestoneB.ChineseoldstoneC.oldstoneChineseD.Chinesestoneold2.It’s______________toknowtheweatheraboutthenewplaceontheinternetbeforeyoutravelthereA.awfulB.harmfulC.helpfulD.powerful3.Iwillbevery_____________ifyouaregladtohelpmefixmycomputer.A.interestedB.angryC.thankfulD.worried4.Thebowloffishsmells______________.Ithasgonebad.A.niceB.wellC.strangeD.terribly5.Theywerevery____toseeeachotheragain.A.pleasedB.surprisingC.happilyD.angrily6.Thesongsounds___.A.sweetB.nicelyC.wellD.moved7.Jimdoesmorningexerciseseveryday,sohelooksvery___.A.tiredB.goodC.wellD.happy答案:1-7ACACAAC检测题2:1.Shedoesn’tlike__________foodinthemarketbecauseit’snotfresh.(freeze)2.Hefell___________duringthelectureyesterdayafternoon.(sleep)3.Therearemany___________childreninsomeAfrican(非洲的)countries.(home)4.Newspapersprovidereaderswith_______andlocalnewseveryday.(nation)5.Theoldcouplehadan_______weekendwhentheirfourchildrencametoseethem.(enjoy).6.Snowisa/an__________sightinthiswarmplace.(usual)7.It’sreally________forachildoffivetotakecareofhimself.(possible)8.Childrenareeducatedtobe_______whentheyareveryyoung.(honesty)9.SichuanEarthquakeisChina’sbiggest________disastersince1949.(nature)10.Sportscanhelpustokeep______andlivelonger.(health)11.Itis______tounderstandeverysinglewordwhenreadinganarticle.(necessary)12.It’sterribletohaveanoutinginsuch________weath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